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Groundwater nitrate and fluoride profiles, sources and health risk assessment in the coal mining areas of Salt Range, Punjab Pakistan
Environmental Geochemistry and Health ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-26 , DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00987-y
Noshin Masood 1 , Karen A Hudson-Edwards 2 , Abida Farooqi 1
Affiliation  

To assess the loading profiles of groundwater nitrate (NO3) and fluoride (F), their spatial distributions, geochemistry and associated health risks were determined for 131 groundwater samples from eastern (ESR), central (CSR) and Trans-Indus Salt Ranges (TSR) in Pakistan. Groundwater NO3 concentrations were 0.2–308 mg/L (mean 59 mg/L) in ESR, 2.7–203 mg/L (mean 73 mg/L) in CSR and 1.1–259 mg/L (mean 69 mg/L) in the TSR. Forty-one %, 57% and 36% of the ESR, CSR and TSR samples, respectively, exceeded the WHO and Pak-NEQs permissible limit of 50 mg/L NO3. Likewise, groundwater F concentrations ranged from 0.1–1.8 mg/L (mean 0.6 mg/L), 0.1–2.7 mg/L (mean 0.9 mg/L) and 0.3–2.5 mg/L (mean 1.6 mg/L) mg/L in the ESR, CSR and TSR sites, respectively. In this case, 3%, 17% and 27% of the ESR, CSR and TSR samples, respectively, exceeded the WHO and Pak-NEQs permissible limit of 1.5 mg/L F. Oxidation of coal and coal waste resulted in the release of NO3 to groundwater. By contrast, enrichment of F in groundwater was due to dissolution and cation exchange processes. Elevated values of the Higher Pollution Index (PI) and Health Risk Index (HRI) reflect a non-acceptable carcinogenic risk for drinking water NO3 and F which should be addressed on a priority basis to protect human health.



中文翻译:

巴基斯坦旁遮普省 Salt Range 煤矿区地下水硝酸盐和氟化物分布、来源和健康风险评估

为了评估地下水硝酸盐 (NO 3 - ) 和氟化物 (F - ) 的负荷曲线,确定了来自东部 (ESR)、中部 (CSR) 和跨印度河盐的 131 个地下水样本的空间分布、地球化学和相关的健康风险巴基斯坦的山脉 (TSR)。地下水 NO 3 -浓度在 ESR 中为 0.2–308 mg/L(平均 59 mg/L),在 CSR 中为 2.7–203 mg/L(平均 73 mg/L)和 1.1–259 mg/L(平均 69 mg/L) ) 在 TSR 中。分别有 41%、57% 和 36% 的 ESR、CSR 和 TSR 样品超过了 WHO 和 Pak-NEQs 允许的 50 mg/L NO 3 -限值。同样,地下水 F -ESR 中的浓度范围为 0.1–1.8 mg/L(平均 0.6 mg/L)、0.1–2.7 mg/L(平均 0.9 mg/L)和 0.3–2.5 mg/L(平均 1.6 mg/L)mg/L 、CSR 和 TSR 站点。在这种情况下,分别有 3%、17% 和 27% 的 ESR、CSR 和 TSR 样品超过了 WHO 和 Pak-NEQs 允许的 1.5 mg/L F 限值。煤和煤废料的氧化导致释放NO 3 -地下水。相比之下,F -在地下水中的富集是由于溶解和阳离子交换过程。较高污染指数 (PI) 和健康风险指数 (HRI) 的值升高反映了饮用水 NO 3 -和 F -的不可接受的致癌风险,应优先解决这一问题,以保护人类健康。

更新日期:2021-05-26
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