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Circular business models for electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries: An analysis of current practices of vehicle manufacturers and policies in the EU
Resources, Conservation and Recycling ( IF 13.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105658
Levke Albertsen , Jessika Luth Richter , Philip Peck , Carl Dalhammar , Andrius Plepys

With the burgeoning transition towards electrified vehicle fleets, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have come into focus for different stakeholders due to high costs, supply risks, production-related resource and energy demands and environmental concerns. Circular business models (CBMs) and Circular Economy (CE) strategies to slow and close resource loops are discussed as potential solutions. With a focus on circular business model elements and influencing factors, this research reviews literature on CE strategies for LIBs and benchmarks their current adoption amongst European vehicle manufacturers. These were identified by analysing companies’ websites and interviewing representatives from six companies. In addition, observation of a single manufacturer revealed further context-specific and internal factors. Finally, it reviews the external policy drivers and barriers for CE strategies for LIBs and discusses how policy can be further developed. The results demonstrate that many manufacturers are pursuing CE strategies, mostly focussed on repair, refurbishing, and repurposing. Variation in the operationalisation appears to be linked to the degree of manufacturer involvement, indicating that CBMs are context-specific and dependant on internal factors. All CBMs were found to require close collaboration between different stakeholders to build trust and reduce uncertainties. The necessity to design for disassembly and to build expertise to thoroughly diagnose the state of health of LIBs to enable life extending CBMs was highlighted. While the late 2020 proposal for new EU legislation for batteries contains ambitious new requirements that will incentivise CE strategies, there is still a need to consider further policy development to ensure adherence to the waste hierarchy.



中文翻译:

电动汽车锂离子电池的循环商业模式:对欧盟汽车制造商的现行做法和政策的分析

随着向电动车队的迅速过渡,由于成本高昂,供应风险,与生产相关的资源和能源需求以及对环境的关注,锂离子电池(LIB)已成为不同利益相关者关注的焦点。作为潜在的解决方案,讨论了循环业务模型(CBM)和循环经济(CE)策略来减缓和关闭资源循环。着眼于循环业务模型的要素和影响因素,本研究回顾了有关LIB的CE策略的文献,并对其在欧洲汽车制造商中当前采用的基准进行了基准测试。这些是通过分析公司的网站并采访六家公司的代表来确定的。此外,对单个制造商的观察揭示了其他特定于上下文的因素和内部因素。最后,它回顾了LIB的CE策略的外部政策驱动因素和障碍,并讨论了如何进一步制定政策。结果表明,许多制造商都在追求CE策略,主要侧重于维修,翻新和重新定位。操作性的差异似乎与制造商的参与程度有关,这表明煤层气是因地制宜的,并取决于内部因素。发现所有建立信任措施都需要不同利益相关者之间的密切合作,以建立信任并减少不确定性。强调了进行拆卸设计和建立专门知识以彻底诊断LIB的健康状况以延长CBM寿命的必要性。

更新日期:2021-05-26
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