Aiming at the problems of node redundancy and network cost increase in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, this article proposes an improved whale optimization algorithm coverage optimization method. First, establish a mathematical model that balances node utilization, coverage, and energy consumption. Second, use the sine–cosine algorithm to improve the whale optimization algorithm and change the convergence factor of the original algorithm. The linear decrease is changed to the nonlinear decrease of the cosine form, which balances the global search and local search capabilities, and adds the inertial weight of the synchronous cosine form to improve the optimization accuracy and speed up the search speed. The improved whale optimization algorithm solves the heterogeneous wireless sensor network coverage optimization model and obtains the optimal coverage scheme. Simulation experiments show that the proposed method can effectively improve the network coverage effect, as well as the utilization rate of nodes, and reduce network cost consumption.

针对异构无线传感器网络中节点冗余和网络成本增加的问题，提出了一种改进的鲸鱼优化算法覆盖率优化方法。首先，建立一个平衡节点利用率，覆盖范围和能耗的数学模型。其次，使用正弦-余弦算法来改进鲸鱼优化算法并更改原始算法的收敛因子。线性减少变为余弦形式的非线性减少，从而平衡了全局搜索和局部搜索能力，并增加了同步余弦形式的惯性权重，从而提高了优化精度并加快了搜索速度。改进的鲸鱼优化算法解决了异构无线传感器网络覆盖优化模型，并获得了最优的覆盖方案。仿真实验表明，该方法可以有效提高网络覆盖效果，提高节点利用率，降低网络成本。