The oil and gas industry requires accurate sensors to control fluid flow in pipelines during the production process from horizontal and near horizontal wells. The extracted crude oil is usually a multiphase mixture of oil, water, and gas, and the accurate measurement of the ratio of each multiphase within the pipeline is an important parameter to manage wells efficiently by maximizing the hydrocarbons that can be extracted. Various methods have been developed for determining the phase ratio including mechanical, optical, X-ray or gamma ray, ultrasound, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and rarely microwave techniques. However, these methods do not permit the knowledge of the real-time evolution of the phase ratio and are less precise. Here, we propose and develop by simulation two microwave systems, in horizontal and vertical polarizations, to choose the optimal configuration for crude pipeline imaging applications. First, the pipeline containing crude oil was modeled and its thermal and dielectric properties are proposed. Then, the antennas array performances were optimized and assembled to the pipeline. Different numbers of antenna elements were successfully investigated using CST simulation in both vertical and horizontal polarizations to find the optimal number of antenna elements for the pipeline applications.

中文翻译：

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聚丙烯管中多相流成像的微波天线阵列设计

石油和天然气行业需要精确的传感器来控制生产过程中水平井和近水平井的管道中的流体流量。提取的原油通常是油，水和气的多相混合物，准确测量管道中每个多相的比率是通过最大限度地利用可提取的烃来有效管理油井的重要参数。已经开发了用于确定相比的各种方法，包括机械，光学，X射线或伽马射线，超声，核磁共振（NMR）和很少使用的微波技术。但是，这些方法不允许了解相位比的实时变化，并且精度较低。在这里，我们通过仿真提出并开发了两个水平和垂直极化的微波系统，为原油管道成像应用选择最佳配置。首先，对含原油的管道进行建模，并提出其热和介电性能。然后，优化天线阵列的性能并将其组装到管道中。使用CST模拟在垂直和水平极化方向上成功研究了不同数量的天线元件，以找到用于管道应用的最佳天线元件数。