Active distribution grids cause bi-directional power flow between transmission system (TS) and distribution system (DS), which not only affects the optimal cost but also the secure operation of the power system. This paper proposes a hybrid coordination method to solve the risk-aware distributed optimal power flow (RA-DOPF) problem in coordinated TS and DS. For operation risk evaluation, the weather-based contingencies are considered in both TS and DS. A hybrid coordination method is developed that entails analytical target cascading (ATC) and Benders decomposition (BD). Moreover, the risk-aware optimal power flow (RAOPF) in TS and risk-based security-constrained optimal power flow in DS have been performed using the BD method considering basic optimal power flow as a master problem, whereas $N-1$ and $N-2$ contingencies are considered as sub-problems. Different case studies are performed using the IEEE 30-bus system with generation reserves as a TS and a 13-bus system as a DS. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.

中文翻译：

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协调输配电系统中具有风险意识的分布式最优潮流

有源配电网会导致传输系统（TS）和配电系统（DS）之间的双向潮流，这不仅影响最佳成本，而且还会影响电力系统的安全运行。本文提出了一种混合协调方法来解决协调TS和DS中具有风险意识的分布式最优潮流（RA-DOPF）问题。对于操作风险评估，在TS和DS中都考虑了基于天气的突发事件。开发了一种混合协调方法，该方法需要分析目标级联（ATC）和Benders分解（BD）。此外，已经使用BD方法将基本最优功率流作为主要问题来执行TS中的风险感知最优功率流（RAOPF）和DS中基于风险的受安全约束的最优功率流，而$ N-1 $ 和 $ N-2 $突发事件被视为子问题。使用IEEE 30总线系统以TS作为发电储备，使用13总线系统作为DS进行不同的案例研究。结果证明了该方法的有效性。