Different architectures for hybrid powertrains exist. Traditionally, to compare their efficiency, one energetic model is developed per architecture and is optimized. Today, this heuristic approach can be replaced by a systematic method that explores all the possibilities in a defined search space. This article presents hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) optimization and comparison using an automatic methodology for architecture generation. The components of the series-parallel hybrid architecture, with the exception of planetary gears, are chosen as starting components. All possible architectures are generated and then filtered to determine the most promising ones. The latter are automatically assessed and optimized using a general hybrid model. The process includes a genetic algorithm (GA) for design optimization and dynamic programming (DP) for control optimization. Given two different objectives to minimize, namely, battery size and fuel consumption in our considered case, the Pareto fronts of the most promising architectures are presented and compared to the Pareto fronts of reference series-parallel architectures. Several of the filtered architectures are found to be better than the references (their consumption is roughly 5% lower), and a gain in powertrain sizing and cost is found. The best architecture is explored, and its operation is analyzed to determine the functionalities that lead to its energy efficiency.

中文翻译：

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设计混合动力汽车架构：利用自动生成和优化方法

存在用于混合动力总成的不同架构。传统上，为了比较它们的效率，每个体系结构都会开发一个能量模型并进行优化。如今，这种启发式方法可以用一种系统的方法来代替，这种方法可以探索定义的搜索空间中的所有可能性。本文介绍了使用自动方法进行体系结构生成的混合动力电动汽车（HEV）的优化和比较。除行星齿轮外，串联-并联混合动力架构的组件均被选作起始组件。生成所有可能的体系结构，然后对其进行过滤以确定最有前途的体系结构。可以使用通用混合模型自动评估和优化后者。该过程包括用于设计优化的遗传算法（GA）和用于控制优化的动态编程（DP）。给定两个最小化目标，即在我们考虑的情况下电池尺寸和燃料消耗，提出了最有前途的体系结构的Pareto前沿，并将其与参考串联-并联体系结构的Pareto前沿进行比较。发现一些经过过滤的架构比参考架构更好（它们的功耗大约降低了5％），并且发现动力总成尺寸和成本都有所提高。探索了最佳架构，并对其运行进行了分析，以确定可提高其能效的功能。介绍了最有前途的体系结构的Pareto前沿，并将其与参考串联-并行体系结构的Pareto前沿进行比较。发现一些经过过滤的架构比参考架构更好（它们的功耗大约降低了5％），并且发现动力总成尺寸和成本都有所提高。探索了最佳架构，并对其运行进行了分析，以确定可提高其能效的功能。介绍了最有前途的体系结构的Pareto前沿，并将其与参考串联-并行体系结构的Pareto前沿进行比较。发现一些经过过滤的架构比参考架构更好（它们的功耗大约降低了5％），并且发现动力总成尺寸和成本都有所提高。探索了最佳架构，并对其运行进行了分析，以确定可提高其能效的功能。