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Regional inequality in university attainment in seven African countries since 1960
International Journal of Educational Development ( IF 1.873 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-25 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102427
Rebecca Simson

Inequalities in access to university education are of concern across the world, but many countries in Africa have faced particularly pronounced regional and ethnic inequalities in educational attainment. Have such disparities increased or decreased since the 1960s? Using census data to trace the sub-national origins of university students in seven African countries (Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia) over successive birth cohorts shows that regional inequalities in access have taken a u-shaped path. In the first two decades of independence, as higher education expanded from a low base, graduates were growing more regionally and ethnically representative of the national populations. Since the 1980s regional inequalities have increased in most countries, on account of a growing attainment gap between people born in the largest cities and the remaining populations. This growing educational advantage accruing to those born in the main urban metropolises was initially driven by a slowdown in enrolment growth, coupled with high rates of skills-selective urban migration and higher educational performance in the urban regions. This new urban bias is rapidly changing the composition of the region’s educational elites.



中文翻译:

自1960年以来,七个非洲国家/地区的大学升学率地区不平等

全世界都在关注获得大学教育的不平等现象,但是非洲的许多国家在受教育程度方面都面临着特别明显的地区和种族不平等现象。自1960年代以来,这种差距是增加还是减少了?利用人口普查数据追踪了七个非洲国家(博茨瓦纳,加纳,肯尼亚,马拉维,坦桑尼亚,乌干达和赞比亚)在连续出生队列中大学生的国家以下来源,这表明在入学方面的地区不平等现象呈“ U”形。在独立的前二十年中,随着高等教育从低基数发展而来,毕业生在全国人口中的区域和种族代表越来越多。自1980年代以来,大多数国家的地区不平等现象都在加剧,由于在大城市出生的人与其余人口之间的差距越来越大。最初在主要城市大都市出生的人所获得的不断增长的教育优势,首先是由于入学人数增长放缓,技能选择型城市移民率高以及城市地区的高等教育表现所致。这种新的城市偏见正在迅速改变该地区教育精英的构成。

更新日期:2021-05-25
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