The purpose of this study was to investigate how much time teachers in sampled schools in Herat Province of Afghanistan spend teaching literacy in early grade classrooms, how they use the time, and what factors lead to instructional time loss. We found that the actual time spent teaching literacy was often shorter than the allocated time. We also identified a few shared teaching practices that indicate a poor use of instructional time. Time loss factors identified included teacher and student absenteeism and tardiness, unofficial school closures and summer break extensions, and teachers’ maternity leaves.

中文翻译：

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早期阅读教室中教学时间的使用：阿富汗赫拉特省的一项研究

这项研究的目的是调查阿富汗赫拉特省抽样学校的教师在早期课堂上花费多少时间进行扫盲教学，他们如何利用时间以及哪些因素导致教学时间流失。我们发现，实际花费在教素养上的时间通常比分配的时间短。我们还确定了一些共享的教学实践，这些实践表明教学时间使用率很低。确定的时间损失因素包括教师和学生的旷课和迟到情况，非正式的学校停课和暑假延长以及教师的产假。