Minimum off-street residential parking requirements are used in many cities as a way to accommodate parking demand associated with new residential development. In some cases, variations to these requirements are used in the form of reduced (or eliminated) minimums and/or maximum parking requirements to more actively manage parking demand. This paper assesses how such variations affecting new residential apartment development in Melbourne, known locally as parking overlays, compare against residential parking demand. Using household car ownership data as a proxy for off-street residential parking demand, a case-control analysis was undertaken to compare car ownership within and immediately outside areas affected by the parking overlays, while controlling for a range of built environment, public transport, demand management and socio-demographic variables. Key findings indicate that car ownership is generally lower in areas affected by parking overlays, yet this was either roughly the same or well below the actual parking requirement. Through regression modelling, the results highlighted the importance of public transport service quality, car parking requirements and demographics in influencing car ownership within and immediately outside the parking overlay areas. These results were used to develop a parking overlay index to identify other areas that could benefit from more flexible residential parking requirements. Despite parking overlays considered as a form of parking management, the results imply that, in Melbourne, they represent little more than a conventional supply-side approach to parking policy. The results indicate that residential off-street parking requirements could be reduced further in Melbourne, both within and outside of areas affected by parking overlays, to more actively manage parking demand.

许多城市都使用街边住宅的最低停车要求，以适应与新住宅开发相关的停车需求。在某些情况下，以减少（或消除）的最低和/或最大停车要求的形式使用对这些要求的更改，以更积极地管理停车要求。本文评估了这种变化对墨尔本新住宅公寓开发的影响（与当地停车位相比）与住宅停车需求的比较。利用家用汽车拥有量数据代替路边住宅停车需求，进行了案例对照分析，以比较受停车覆盖物影响的区域内外的汽车拥有量，同时控制一系列建筑环境，公共交通，需求管理和社会人口变量。主要研究结果表明，受停车覆盖物影响的地区的汽车拥有量通常较低，但这大致相同或远低于实际停车要求。通过回归建模，结果强调了公共交通服务质量，停车需求和人口统计学在影响停车覆盖区内外的汽车拥有量的重要性。这些结果用于制定停车覆盖率指数，以识别可从更灵活的住宅停车要求中受益的其他区域。尽管停车覆盖被认为是停车管理的一种形式，但结果表明，在墨尔本，停车覆盖仅代表传统的供应方停车政策。