Existing research explains variation in trade attitudes by pitting explanations rooted in the foreign part of foreign economic policy, like nativism, against economic beliefs like a commitment to free market principles. But what happens when these factors create significant cross-pressures—how do free market-oriented nativists think about trade? We argue that nativism is a higher-order belief that constrains the relationship between lower-order economic attitudes and beliefs about international trade. We test our argument using representative samples from the United States and United Kingdom. First, we analyze observational data and find a significant interaction whereby nativism moderates the relationship between free market attitudes and beliefs that trade provides national and global benefits. Second, we report results from a survey experiment to show that a message about the long-term benefits from free trade increases support for free trade in both samples. Importantly, we also find that nativist values weaken the treatment effect in the US sample. As long as international relations scholars focus on cultural or economic antecedents on their own, we miss much about how elements in belief systems interact.

中文翻译：

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走向本土主义：本土主义和经济意识形态如何相互作用以塑造对全球贸易的信念

现有的研究通过将植根于对外经济政策的外国部分的解释（如本土主义）与经济信仰（如对自由市场原则的承诺）进行对比来解释贸易态度的变化。但是，当这些因素造成巨大的交叉压力时会发生什么——以自由市场为导向的本土主义者如何看待贸易？我们认为，本土主义是一种高阶信念，它限制了低阶经济态度与国际贸易信念之间的关系。我们使用来自美国和英国的代表性样本来检验我们的论点。首先，我们分析观察数据并发现一种重要的相互作用，即本土主义缓和了自由市场态度与贸易提供国家和全球利益的信念之间的关系。第二，我们报告了一项调查实验的结果，以表明关于自由贸易的长期利益的信息增加了两个样本对自由贸易的支持。重要的是，我们还发现本土主义价值观削弱了美国样本中的治疗效果。只要国际关系学者只关注文化或经济的前因，我们就会错过很多关于信仰体系中的元素如何相互作用的问题。