Abstract

At present, the genesis, nomenclature, and classification of granuzems remain debatable, which is explained by scarce data on these soils. In this paper, data on granuzems described in the forest-tundra of the Norilsk depression, in the valleys of the Tukalanda, Akkit, and Khantaika rivers (68°30′ N, 88°15′ E) and in the northern taiga within the lower reaches of the Nizhnyaya Tunguska River (66°20′ N, 89°00′ E) are discussed. Genetic and geographic features of granuzems are closely related to the mineralogy and texture of their parent materials represented by moraine and glaciofluvial loamy and clayey sediments derived from quartz-containing dolerites. Granuzems are characterized by the strongly acid or acid to neutral reaction and, accordingly, by the low base saturation in the upper horizons and moderate base saturation in the lower horizons. Granuzems are characterized by the elevated content of humus of the fulvate composition (C_ha/C_fa < 1) and by the high content of oxalate-extractable iron. The main soil-forming processes are weathering and aggregation of the coagulative cryochemogenic nature. The horizon with strong rounded-grain or crumb–granular structure serves as a diagnostic horizon of granuzems. The surface litter horizon may have different thickness and decomposition degree.

中文翻译：

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Granuzems的成岩作用和地理特征

摘要

目前，花岗石的起源，命名和分类仍然值得商,，这在这些土壤上缺乏数据可以解释。在本文中，描述了在诺里尔斯克depression陷的森林冻原，图卡兰达河，阿克奇特河和汉塔卡河（68°30′N，88°15′E）河谷以及北部塔伊加河内的谷类植物的数据。讨论了下日惹通古斯卡河的下游（北纬66°20′，东经89°00′）。粒状宝石的遗传和地理特征与它们的母质的矿物学和质地密切相关，它们的特征是冰m和冰川河流质壤土和源自含石英白云石的黏土沉积物。Granuzems的特征是强酸或强酸至中性反应，因此，其特征在于较高层的碱饱和度低，较低层的碱饱和度适中。_ha / C _fa <1）和高含量的草酸盐可萃取铁。主要的土壤形成过程是风化和凝结低温化学性质的聚集。具有强圆形颗粒或碎屑-粒状结构的地层可作为颗粒状宝石的诊断地层。地面垫料层可能具有不同的厚度和分解度。