Motor attempt (MA)/motor imagery (MI)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) is a newly developing rehabilitation technology for motor impairment. This study aims to explore the relationship between electroencephalography sensorimotor rhythm and motor impairment to provide reference for a BCI design. Twenty-eight stroke survivors with varying levels of motor dysfunction and spasticity status in the subacute or chronic stage were enrolled in the study to perform MA and MI tasks. Event-related desynchronization (ERD)/event-related synchronization (ERS) during and immediately after motor tasks were calculated. The Fugl–Meyer assessment scale (FMA) and the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) were applied to characterize upper-limb motor dysfunction and spasticity. There was a positive correlation between FMA total scores and ERS in the contralesional hemisphere in the MI task (P < .05) and negative correlations between FMA total scores and ERD in both hemispheres in the MA task (P < .05). Negative correlations were found between MAS scores of wrist flexors and ERD in the ipsilesional hemisphere (P < .05) in the MA task. It suggests that motor dysfunction may be more correlated to ERS in the MI task and to ERD in the MA task while spasticity may be more correlated to ERD in the MA task.

基于运动尝试（MA）/运动想象（MI）的脑机接口（BCI）是一种新兴的运动障碍康复技术。本研究旨在探讨脑电图感觉运动节律与运动障碍之间的关系，为BCI设计提供参考。28 名在亚急性或慢性阶段具有不同程度运动功能障碍和痉挛状态的中风幸存者被纳入研究，以执行 MA 和 MI 任务。计算运动任务期间和之后的事件相关去同步 (ERD)/事件相关同步 (ERS)。Fugl-Meyer 评估量表 (FMA) 和改良的 Ashworth 量表 (MAS) 用于表征上肢运动功能障碍和痉挛状态。P  < .05）和 MA 任务中两个半球的 F​​MA 总分与 ERD 呈负相关（P  < .05）。在 MA 任务中发现腕屈肌的 MAS 分数与同侧半球 ERD 之间存在负相关（P  < .05）。这表明运动功能障碍可能与 MI 任务中的 ERS ​​和 MA 任务中的 ERD 更相关，而痉挛状态可能与 MA 任务中的 ERD 更相关。