Bryozoans are epibenthic suspension-feeders and use their ciliated tentacles to generate feeding currents. Modern bryozoan mouth size limits the size of the particles that can be ingested, and lophophore diameter is correlated with water pumping rates. In fossil bryozoans these soft parts are absent, however mouth and lophophore dimensions can be inferred from preserved skeletons. Gondwanan Permian palaeostomate bryozoans show distinct order-level trophic partitioning across warm to cold-water faunas. In diverse warm-water faunas of southern Thailand, fenestrate bryozoans consumed the smallest food particles, cryptostomes and trepostomes consumed mid-size particles, and cystoporates consumed the largest, and widest range, of particles. In contrast, in low diversity cold-water faunas of eastern Australia, where cystoporates and cryptostomes are uncommon, fenestrate bryozoans again consumed the smallest food particles, however the abundant trepostomes had much larger mouths than their warm-water counterparts and consumed the largest food particles. This variation in mouth size, especially in the trepostomes, suggests that within a regional fauna mouth size is not controlled only by higher level systematics and that sessile benthic organisms are trophically structured to utilize different sized food particles from a suspended food source. Gondwanan Permian palaeostomates had much larger mouth and lophophore sizes than modern stenolaemates (cyclostomes) and are more comparable to gymnolaemate (cheilostome) bryozoans. This suggests that palaeostomates were able to access and consume the same range of food resources as modern gymnolaemate bryozoans, and feed at similar rates, prior to the marine environmental changes at the close of the Palaeozoic.

中文翻译：

---

冈瓦纳二叠纪苔藓动物群的营养分配和摄食能力

苔藓虫是底栖动物的悬浮饲养者，并使用它们的纤毛触手产生进食流。现代苔藓动物的嘴巴大小限制了可以摄入的颗粒的大小，并且叶轮直径与抽水率相关。在苔藓虫化石中，这些柔软的部分是不存在的，但是可以从保存下来的骨骼中推断出嘴巴和唇虫的尺寸。冈瓦纳二叠纪古口苔藓动物在暖水动物群和冷水动物群之间显示出明显的阶级营养划分。在泰国南部不同的温水动物群中，有孔苔藓动物消耗最小的食物颗粒，隐孔虫和螺旋体消耗中等大小的颗粒，而囊孔虫消耗的颗粒最大，范围最广。相比之下，在澳大利亚东部的低多样性冷水动物群中，在囊孔虫和隐虫不常见的情况下，有孔苔藓虫再次消耗最小的食物颗粒，但是丰富的 trepostomes 的嘴比它们的温水对应物大得多，并且消耗的食物颗粒最大。嘴巴大小的这种变化，特别是在 trepostomes 中，表明在区域动物群中，嘴巴大小不仅受更高级别的系统控制，而且固着底栖生物在营养结构上可以利用来自悬浮食物来源的不同大小的食物颗粒。冈瓦纳二叠纪古口动物的嘴巴和唇齿比现代狭口动物（环口动物）大得多，并且与裸口动物（口口动物）苔藓动物更具可比性。这表明古口动物能够获取和消耗与现代裸露动物苔藓虫相同的食物资源范围，