Epithelial cells use the process of extrusion to promote cell death while preserving a tight barrier. To extrude, a cell and its neighbors contract actin and myosin circumferentially and basolaterally to seamlessly squeeze it out of the epithelium. Recent research highlights how early apical pulsatile contractions within the extruding cell might orchestrate contraction in three dimensions so that a cell extrudes out apically. Along with apical constrictions, studies of ion channels and mathematical modeling reveal how differential contraction between cells helps select specific cells to extrude. In addition, several studies have offered new insights into pathways that use extrusion to eliminate transformed cells or cause an aberrant form of extrusion that promotes cell invasion.

上皮细胞使用挤压过程来促进细胞死亡，同时保持紧密的屏障。为了挤出，一个细胞及其邻居在圆周和基底外侧收缩肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白，以无缝地将其挤出上皮细胞。最近的研究强调了挤出细胞内的早期顶端脉动收缩如何协调三个维度的收缩，从而使细胞从顶端挤出。除了顶端收缩，对离子通道和数学模型的研究揭示了细胞之间的差异收缩如何帮助选择特定的细胞进行挤压。此外，几项研究为使用挤压消除转化细胞或导致促进细胞侵袭的异常挤压形式的途径提供了新的见解。