The rise of overweight and obesity across all age groups can be considered as an epidemic. A high body mass index not only has effects on longevity and quality of life of people who suffer from it but also has cognitive and neurological consequences. Executive function (EF)—or the neural regions that support it might act as causes of obesity. The aim of this study is to compare the differences between healthy and obese/overweight individuals and to understand how a prolonged diet of 2 months can affect EF event-related potential (ERP) components. Among the ERP metrics, N1, N2, and P3 are measured. Subjects underwent a diet program and their electroencephalogram was recorded every 4–6 weeks using a Stroop paradigm experiment. As the diet progressed, it was observed that perhaps more neural networks and executive control are engaged as the diet begins to take effect. Attention to nonfood increases and more control is exhibited when participants are presented with food images and food word stimuli. Increase in the N2 and P3 components highlight how the diet affects the brain during various stages of diet plans.

中文翻译：

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长期饮食对肥胖和超重个体的神经系统影响：脑电图和事件相关电位研究

所有年龄段的超重和肥胖症的增加都可以被视为一种流行病。高体重指数不仅会影响患者的寿命和生活质量，还会对认知和神经系统产生影响。执行功能（EF）——或支持它的神经区域可能是肥胖的原因。本研究的目的是比较健康和肥胖/超重个体之间的差异，并了解 2 个月的长期饮食如何影响 EF 事件相关电位 (ERP) 成分。在 ERP 指标中，测量了 N1、N2 和 P3。受试者接受了饮食计划，并使用 Stroop 范式实验每 4-6 周记录一次他们的脑电图。随着饮食的进展，据观察，随着饮食开始生效，可能会使用更多的神经网络和执行控制。当参与者看到食物图像和食物词刺激时，对非食物的注意力会增加，并表现出更多的控制。N2 和 P3 成分的增加突出了饮食在饮食计划的各个阶段如何影响大脑。