This study investigates the extend of environmental inequality related to industrial air pollution in Austria. Using more than 170.000 census grid cells, each at 250 m², and pollution measures of the E-PRTR, this study is able to provide high geographical resolution data on a national scale. The randomisation strategy applied compares the empirical socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of populations living close to industrial facilities to characteristics of those close to randomly allocated facilities. The results are then confirmed by the use of the spatial regression model SLX, which takes spatial spillovers between neighbouring units into account. The study finds robust evidence for the existence of environmental inequality in Austria. The presence of a foreign population consistently indicates a significant and positive association with the level of pollution. Whereas this pattern holds on a national scale, it is even stronger within urban areas. The spatial dependence follows this pattern, reaffirming the choice of spatial regression techniques. In contrast to past European studies in the field, a positive correlation between income and pollution can be seen in rural areas. By using high-resolution spatial data on a national scale, as well as advanced spatial methods, methodological limitations of these prior studies can be addressed.

这项研究调查了与工业空气污染有关的环境不平等现象在奥地利的扩展。使用超过170,000个人口普查网格，每个网格面积为250 m ²，并采用E污染措施-PRTR，这项研究能够提供全国范围内的高地理分辨率数据。所采用的随机化策略将居住在工业设施附近的人口的经验社会经济和人口特征与居住在随机分配的设施附近的人口的特征进行比较。然后，通过使用空间回归模型SLX确认结果，该模型考虑了相邻单元之间的空间溢出。该研究发现了奥地利存在环境不平等的有力证据。外国人口的存在始终表明与污染水平之间存在着显着的正相关关系。尽管这种模式在全国范围内仍然存在，但在城市地区则更为明显。空间依赖性遵循这种模式，重申选择空间回归技术。与欧洲过去在该领域的研究相比，农村地区的收入与污染之间存在正相关关系。通过使用国家规模的高分辨率空间数据以及先进的空间方法，可以解决这些先前研究的方法学局限性。