Ambient ozone (O₃) is a critical atmospheric pollutant with significant potential threats to human health and the environment. Geographic information systems (GIS) techniques have opened up a wide range of methods for the assessment of health risks associated with pollutant exposure in urban environments. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify the sources and spatial-temporal distribution of O₃ in regions under hot, arid climates. GIS-based geostatistical interpolation approaches were applied to analyze and locate the sources and spatial-temporal distribution of O₃ in the state of Kuwait, which was taken as a case study. The spatial distribution of O₃ in Kuwait was mapped using GIS functions. Hourly observation data for O₃ concentration along with air pollutants and meteorological condition data for five years were collected from four air-monitoring stations representing open, residential, industrial, and commercial areas. To evaluate the accuracy of several spatial interpolation approaches, O₃ concentration was estimated using the inverse distance weighted (IDW) and kriging approaches. Both attribute and geographic data were analyzed and mapped along with meteorological data to investigate the sources and the spatial-temporal distribution of O₃. The results showed the O₃ and NO₂ concentrations during the four seasons were less than that in the regional and international limits. Seasonal spatial variability showed that the opposite trend of variations between O₃ and NO₂ recorded high concentrations in the summer and spring seasons for O₃, while it was in the winter and autumn seasons for NO₂. A high correlation was found between O₃ pollutants and meteorological parameters. The highest O₃ concentration was recorded in the summer season, followed by spring. The minimum O₃ concentration was during the winter season. The concentrations of NO during the summer and spring seasons were lower than during the winter and autumn seasons. The strongest correlation was found between O₃ and NO₂ during the summer and autumn in the four regions.

臭氧（O ₃）是一种重要的大气污染物，对人类健康和环境具有重大的潜在威胁。地理信息系统（GIS）技术为评估与城市环境中的污染物暴露相关的健康风险提供了广泛的方法。因此，本研究旨在确定炎热，干旱气候下地区O ₃的来源和时空分布。以基于GIS的地统计插值方法为例，对科威特O ₃的来源和时空分布进行了分析和定位。使用GIS功能绘制了科威特O ₃的空间分布图。O的每小时观测数据从四个代表露天，住宅，工业和商业区域的空气监测站收集了_3种浓度以及五年中的空气污染物和气象状况数据。为了评估几种空间插值方法的准确性，使用反距离权重（IDW）和克里金法估计O ₃浓度。分析了属性和地理数据，并与气象数据一起进行了映射，以调查O ₃的来源和时空分布。结果表明，O ₃和NO ₂四个季节的浓度低于区域和国际范围内的浓度。季节性空间变异表明，变型的O之间进行相反的趋势₃和NO ₂记录高浓度在夏季和春季代表O ₃，而这是在冬季和秋季季节为NO ₂。发现O ₃污染物与气象参数之间具有高度相关性。在夏季，然后是春季，记录到最高的O ₃浓度。最小O ₃集中在冬季。夏季和春季的NO浓度低于冬季和秋季的NO浓度。在四个区域的夏季和秋季，发现O ₃和NO ₂之间的相关性最强。