Purpose

To study the adaptive potential of the plant Typha laxmannii Lepech. to heavy metal (HM) stress on the basis of analysis of its morphological and anatomical features under the conditions of an anthropogenically transformed ecosystem of the Don River Delta.

Methods

The soils on the monitored plots are of the Fluvisol type. The soil characteristics and total concentrations of Mn, Ni, Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cr in soils and cattail plants were analysed. Anatomical-morphological and electron-microscopic examinations revealed the toxic effect of HMs on the roots and leaves of T. laxmannii plants.

Results

The studied soils were found to contain high levels of the Zn, Cr, Pb and Cu. It was shown that the sources of Zn, Pb and Cu in the soils were anthropogenic in nature. The high Cr level in soils was due to the natural lithogenic factor. The contents of HM mobile forms in the soils exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations of Cd, Zn, Pb and Ni. An examination of communities of T. laxmannii grown in the impact zone revealed, proliferation anomalies. Ultrastructural studies of plants showed changes in cell membranes, as well as in the main cytoplasmic organelles.

Conclusion

The revealed structural changes are assumed to contribute to a slowdown in the ontogenetic development of plants and a decrease in their morphometric parameters under anthropogenic pollution. No significant ultrastructure changes were observed in the roots compared with the leaves, which indicates their high adaptive potential.

中文翻译：

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香蒲对重金属污染部位的适应潜力

目的

研究植物香蒲的适应潜力。在人为改造的唐河三角洲生态系统条件下，通过对重金属（HM）的形态和解剖特征进行分析，研究了重金属对重金属（HM）胁迫的影响。

方法

监测地块上的土壤是氟维索尔类型的。分析了土壤和香蒲植物的土壤特征以及Mn，Ni，Cd，Cu，Zn，Pb和Cr的总浓度。解剖学和电子显微镜检查显示HMs对T. laxmannii植物的根和叶有毒作用。

结果

被研究的土壤被发现含有高含量的锌，铬，铅和铜。结果表明，土壤中Zn，Pb和Cu的来源是人为的。土壤中的高铬含量是由于天然成岩因子引起的。土壤中HM流动形式的含量超过了Cd，Zn，Pb和Ni的最大允许浓度。对在冲击区生长的T. laxmannii群落的检查发现，增殖异常。植物的超微结构研究表明，细胞膜以及主要细胞质细胞器都发生了变化。

结论

假定揭示的结构变化会导致植物的个体发育减慢，并在人为污染下降低其形态参数。与叶相比，在根部没有观察到明显的超微结构变化，这表明它们具有很高的适应潜力。