The ostrich (Struthio camelus) is characterized by high speed and heavy load when running. Its intertarsal joint (Fig. 1A) with double-nutrient foramina (DNF) exhibits excellent ability to withstand high impact during running, and is characterized by lightweight. We investigated the effect of DNF on the biomechanical properties of the intertarsal joints of the ostrich. The intertarsal joint was reconstructed according to computed tomography images, and four models were established to uncover the separate and combined effects of the compositional parameters (geometric features, material properties) on stress concentration reduction. We have revised the formula that can be used to predict the elasticity modulus (E) of ostrich bones and verified the accuracy of the formula with nano-indentation equipment. The results were analyzed by t tests, and the p value is less than 0.05. The finite element analysis was performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the PT and models. Compared to the Filled model (DNF was filled), the maximum stress at the lateral and medial fossa in the Initial model was reduced by 15.4%, although there was no significant difference in the medial maximum stress. Compared with the stress value of models without holes, the models with holes have lower stress, with a reduction of 4.0%. Reasonable design of holes can improve the efficiency of material utilization. This paper investigated the mechanism of high mechanical properties of the intertarsal joints of ostrich and developed four bionic-bearing parts based on the characteristics of DNF and heterogeneity materials, which may provide ideas for the design of aircraft and robot parts with lightweight and high strength.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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鸵鸟骨关节中双营养孔的特征激发出的轻巧高强度结构

鸵鸟（Struthio camelus）的特征是在运行时具有高速度和高负荷的特点。其具有双重营养物孔（DNF）的tar关节（图1A）具有出色的承受跑步过程中高冲击力的能力，并且具有轻巧的特点。我们调查了DNF对鸵鸟的inter关节的生物力学特性的影响。根据计算机断层扫描图像重建趾间关节，并建立四个模型以揭示成分参数（几何特征，材料特性）对应力集中减小的单独和综合影响。我们修改了可用于预测弹性模量（E），并使用纳米压痕设备验证了配方的准确性。通过t检验分析结果，p值小于0.05。进行了有限元分析，以评估PT和模型的机械性能。与填充模型（填充DNF）相比，初始模型中外侧窝和内侧窝的最大应力降低了15.4％，尽管内侧最大应力没有显着差异。与没有孔的模型的应力值相比，有孔的模型应力较低，降低了4.0％。孔的合理设计可以提高材料利用率。

图形摘要