Compact material constructs possessing some degree of built-in intelligence via the exhibition of complex functionalities in response to easily deliverable stimuli are highly desirable for material-powered robots. We report here a visible light-driven, dual-responsive material of cobalt-doped manganese dioxide (Co-MnO₂), which exhibits high actuation performance in terms of speed and power requirement and decreased electrical resistivity under light illumination. The actuation properties are fine-tunable by controlling the amount of Co doping, followed by an electrochemical treatment to activate the actuation, and the resistance change conveniently serves as a built-in feedback signal for controlling the actuation. Utilizing these properties, compact microrobotic devices capable of self-sensing visible light intensities of ~4 mW/cm² to perform complex motions along multiple selectable configurational pathways are fabricated. Intelligent robotic functions, including self-adapting load lifting, object sorting, and on-demand structural stiffening, are demonstrated in these devices. The concept demonstrated here opens up a perspective of creating robotic intelligence using multistimuli-responsive materials.

对于材料驱动的机器人，非常需要通过展示复杂的功能以响应易于传递的刺激而具有一定程度的内置智能的紧凑型材料构造。我们在这里报告了一种可见光驱动的钴掺杂二氧化锰（Co-MnO _2的双响应材料），在速度和功率要求方面显示出很高的致动性能，并且在光照下电阻率降低了。通过控制Co的掺杂量，然后进行电化学处理来激活驱动，可以微调驱动特性，并且电阻变化可以方便地用作控制驱动的内置反馈信号。利用这些特性，紧凑型微型机器人设备能够自我感应约4 mW / cm ^2的可见光强度沿着多个可选的配置路径执行复杂的运动。这些设备展示了智能机器人功能，包括自适应负载提升，对象分类和按需结构加固。此处演示的概念为使用多刺激响应材料创建机器人智能开辟了一个前景。