Seaweed aquaculture in California, the United States, is at an early stage of development. The coastal climate and growing season contrast with the cold-temperate, where most seaweed cultivation in the US occurs. Climate change is warming coastal waters on average and increasing the frequency of marine heatwaves (MHWs). In California, those changes co-occur with predicted seasonal changes in upwelling. Warm, low nutrient events cause diebacks of wild Macrocystis pyrifera, and other wild-harvested species. Aquaculture can replace wild-harvested seaweeds and expand supplies of California-grown seaweeds, if cultivation is developed with climate-change resilience. We consider wild-harvested species for traits expected to increase climate resilient productivity. Golden kombu, Laminaria farlowii, was selected for test cultivation. Early life stages were successfully grown. Sporophyte growth rates were higher in summer than winter, confirming Golden kombu as a summer crop in California. Based on projections of change in upwelling intensity and season in California, we suggest a physiological screening approach for resilience to conditions expected in different regions of coastal California by mid-to-late 21st century.

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美国加利福尼亚州海藻养殖的气候变化挑战和机遇

美国加利福尼亚州的海藻养殖处于早期发展阶段。沿海气候和生长季节与冷温带形成鲜明对比，美国大部分海藻种植都发生在那里。气候变化正在使沿海水域平均变暖，并增加海洋热浪 (MHW) 的频率。在加利福尼亚，这些变化与预测的上升流季节性变化同时发生。温暖、低营养的事件导致野生巨囊藻和其他野生收获物种的枯死。如果发展具有气候变化适应能力的养殖，水产养殖可以取代野生海藻，并扩大加利福尼亚海藻的供应。我们将野生收获的物种视为有望提高气候适应性生产力的特性。金海带、海带、被选中进行试培养。早期生命阶段已成功生长。夏季孢子体的增长率高于冬季，这证实了金海带是加利福尼亚的夏季作物。根据对加利福尼亚上升流强度和季节变化的预测，我们建议采用生理筛选方法来应对 21 世纪中后期加利福尼亚沿海不同地区预期的条件。