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Are Wind Turbines a Mafia Windfall? The Unintended Consequences of Green Incentives
Regional Science and Urban Economics ( IF 2.438 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-20 , DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2021.103691
Claudio Deiana , Andrea Geraci

Over the past decades, national and supranational governments have amply incentivized wind farm power production. In this paper, we reconstruct investments in the wind sector over twenty years of national support schemes in Italy, and we uncover unintended consequences of wind incentives exploited by criminal organization groups. We show that Italian mafia-exposed municipalities register a larger take-up of incentives for wind energy production, measured with the number of wind farms. The differential effect appears when the national energy services authority started withdrawing the excess supply of tradeable Green Certificates. With the end of the national intervention in the market, when the system of incentives became more competitive, installed power capacity sharply decreased. Further, we do not observe any differential in the take-up of mafia-exposed municipalities based on local physical constraints related to the wind potential nor spillover effects in neighboring municipalities. Our analysis highlights the risks of criminal infiltration in the green energy sector, especially when incentive schemes are insufficiently competitive and overly generous.



中文翻译:

风力涡轮机是黑手党的意外收获吗?绿色激励的意外后果

在过去的几十年中,国家和超国家政府充分激励了风电场的发电。在本文中,我们重建了意大利二十多年国家支持计划中对风能领域的投资,并且发现了犯罪组织团体利用风能诱因带来的意想不到的后果。我们显示,暴露于意大利黑手党的城市以风电场数量为单位,对风能生产的激励措施采取了更大的措施。当国家能源服务主管部门开始撤回多余的可交易绿色证书供应时,就会出现不同的影响。随着国家对市场干预的结束,当激励机制变得更具竞争力时,装机容量急剧下降。更多,基于与风势相关的当地物理限制,也未观察到黑手党暴露的市政区在吸收黑手党方面的差异,也未观察到邻近市政区的溢出效应。我们的分析强调了绿色能源领域犯罪渗透的风险,特别是在激励计划缺乏足够的竞争和过度慷慨的情况下。

更新日期:2021-05-22
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