The standard way to test alternative descriptive theories of moral judgment is by asking subjects to evaluate (amongst others) sacrificial dilemmas, where acting classifies as a utilitarian moral judgment and not acting classifies as a deontological moral judgment. Previous research uncovered many situational factors that alter subject’s moral judgments without affecting which type of action utilitarianism or deontology would recommend. This literature review provides a systematic analysis of the experimental literature on the influence of situational factors on moral judgments in sacrificial dilemmas. It analyses 53 articles in detail and reports mean effect sizes, as well as operationalizations, for 36 situational factors that significantly influence moral judgment. Moreover, the review discusses how the impact of situational factors relates to a dual process theory of moral judgment. It supports the view that utilitarian judgments are driven by controlled cognitive processes and shows that the drivers of deontological judgments depend on valence.

测试道德判断的替代描述理论的标准方法是要求受试者评估（以及其他）牺牲困境，其中行为被归类为功利主义道德判断，而行为未被归类为义务论道德判断。先前的研究发现了许多情况下的因素，这些情况会改变主体的道德判断，而不会影响功利主义或道义学建议采取哪种行动。这篇文献综述提供了实验性文献的系统分析，其中涉及情境因素对牺牲困境中道德判断的影响。它详细分析了53篇文章，并报告了对道德判断产生重大影响的36种情境因素的平均效果大小和可操作性。而且，这篇综述讨论了情境因素的影响如何与道德判断的双重过程理论相关。它支持功利主义判断受受控的认知过程驱动的观点，并表明道义判断的驱动力取决于效价。