Research has shown that disagreeableness predicts financial success (especially for men), and this association is attributed to workplace behavior. However, this effect remains puzzling given that disagreeableness is negatively associated with valued workplace behaviors, such as cooperation and prosocial behavior. We theorize that the male disagreeableness premium can be further understood by considering social exchanges at home in which married men are less concerned with and helpful to their wives, especially when harboring traditional gender role attitudes. Such exchanges should allow disagreeable men to demonstrate higher job involvement, resulting in higher pay, especially when their wives demonstrate higher household performance and are highly conscientious. As expected, Study 1 data from 195 married couples indicated that male disagreeableness predicts higher pay as mediated by lower wife-orientation and higher job involvement, and moderated by traditionalism and a wife's household performance (and conscientiousness). In Study 2, we replicated key aspects of our model in a nationally representative sample of 1,558 married couples: Again, disagreeableness in married men predicts higher pay if they are more traditional and their wives are more conscientious. Our findings build on the literature's conventional wisdom (that organizations seem to reward disagreeable workplace behaviors) and highlight the importance of social exchange at home for success at work.

中文翻译：

---

为什么不愉快（已婚男性）会导致收入更多：家庭社会交换的理论和测试

研究表明，不愉快预示着经济上的成功（尤其是男性），这种关联归因于工作场所的行为。然而，鉴于不愉快与有价值的工作场所行为（例如合作和亲社会行为）呈负相关，这种影响仍然令人费解。我们推测，男性不愉快溢价可以通过考虑在家中的社会交流来进一步理解在这种情况下，已婚男性对妻子的关心和帮助较少，尤其是在怀有传统的性别角色态度时。这种交流应该让不讨人喜欢的男人表现出更高的工作参与度，从而获得更高的薪水，尤其是当他们的妻子表现出更高的家庭表现并且非常尽职时。正如预期的那样，来自 195 对已婚夫妇的研究 1 数据表明，男性不合意预示着较高的薪酬，这由较低的妻子导向和较高的工作参与度介导，并受传统主义和妻子的家庭表现（和尽责性）的调节。在研究 2 中，我们在具有全国代表性的 1,558 对已婚夫妇的样本中复制了我们模型的关键方面：同样，如果已婚男性更传统且他们的妻子更尽责，则已婚男性的不愉快预示着更高的薪水。