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Early mid-season drainage can mitigate greenhouse gas emission from organic rice farming with green manure application
Soil Science and Plant Nutrition ( IF 2 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-21 , DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2021.1927832
Yo Toma 1 , Yuuki Takechi 2 , Ayano Inoue 2 , Natsuko Nakaya 2 , Kazuhiro Hosoya 1 , Youichi Yamashita 2 , Masataka Adachi 2 , Takayuki Kono 2 , Ueno Hideto 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

Organic rice farming is acknowledged as a safe and environmentally friendly rice production method. However, the application of fresh organic matter as fertilizer can increase methane (CH4) emissions during the rice-growing period because it is a carbon (C) source for CH4 under anaerobic conditions. In this study, we evaluated the CH4 emissions and net greenhouse gas emissions (NGHGE) from rice paddy fields managed by long-term organic farming. We also assessed the effect of early incorporation of green manure and mid-season drainage (to reduce CH4 emission and NGHGE) on the rice grain yield. In the first year, we measured CH4 and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, C budget, and yield in conventionally managed (CF) and organically managed (GM) rice paddy fields, in which white clover was grown in the fallow period. In the second year, we set up four treatments with dried hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) as green manure, incorporated in the conventional season (G), one week (GE1), and three weeks (GE3) earlier, and early mid-season drainage (GED), in which green manure was incorporated in the same way as in G. In the second year, we measured the same factors as in the first year. In the first year, C was accumulated in GM due to the application of C from green manure, despite C being lost in CF. On the other hand, the large amount of CH4 emission induced in GM contributed to global warming due to high NGHGE compared to CF. Early incorporation of green manure in rice paddy fields did not increase CO2 or decrease CH4 emissions before rice transplanting in the second year. A significant reduction in grain yield in GE3 suggested that three weeks earlier incorporation of green manure is not appropriate in terms of stable agricultural management. Meanwhile, early mid-season drainage reduced CH4 emissions, which contributed to both soil C sequestration and NGHGE reduction. These results indicate that mid-season drainage a week earlier than conventional practice could be a workable way of maintaining the brown rice yield and soil C sequestration and mitigating global warming in rice paddy fields receiving green manure.



中文翻译:

早期中期排水可以减少有机水稻种植绿肥的温室气体排放

摘要

有机水稻种植被公认为一种安全、环保的水稻生产方式。然而,新鲜有机质作为肥料的施用会增加水稻生长期间甲烷(CH 4)的排放,因为它是厌氧条件下CH 4的碳(C)源。在本研究中,我们评估了长期有机耕作管理的稻田的 CH 4排放量和净温室气体排放量 (NGHGE)。我们还评估了早期掺入绿肥和中期排水(以减少 CH 4排放和 NGHGE)对稻谷产量的影响。在第一年,我们测量了 CH 4和一氧化二氮 (N 2O) 传统管理 (CF) 和有机管理 (GM) 稻田的排放、碳预算和产量,其中白三叶草在休耕期种植。第二年,我们在常规季节(G)、提前一周(GE1)、提前三周(GE3)和中前期设置了4个处理,以紫云英(Vicia villosa)为绿肥。排水(GED),其中以与 G 中相同的方式加入绿肥。在第二年,我们测量了与第一年相同的因素。在第一年,尽管 C 在 CF 中丢失,但由于施用绿肥中的 C,C 在 GM 中积累。另一方面,大量的 CH 4与 CF 相比,由于高 NGHGE,转基因引起的排放导致了全球变暖。在第二年水稻移栽前,在稻田中早期施用绿肥并没有增加CO 2或减少CH 4排放。GE3 中谷物产量的显着下降表明,就稳定的农业管理而言,提前三周添加绿肥是不合适的。同时,早期中期排水减少了 CH 4排放,这有助于土壤碳封存和 NGHGE 减少。这些结果表明,在接受绿肥的稻田中,比常规做法提前一周进行季中排水可能是保持糙米产量和土壤碳固存以及缓解全球变暖的可行方法。

更新日期:2021-05-21
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