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Analysis of surface runoff water and sediment generations using a short-term water budget in the steeply sloping agricultural land of northern Laos
Soil Science and Plant Nutrition ( IF 2 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-21 , DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2021.1925959
Yuko Kohmoto 1 , Tetsuhiro Watanabe 1, 2 , Nivong Sipaseuth 3 , Shinya Funakawa 1, 2
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2014, in the steeply sloping agricultural land of northern Laos to determine the factors that cause the generation of surface runoff water and sediment (i.e., soil erosion). Four treatments (upland rice cropping, maize cropping, maize cropping with mulch treatment, and bare land) were installed on a 2 square meters plot sloping 25°, or 45%. The surface runoff water was measured at 10 min intervals, and the total eroded water and sediment were collected after each rainfall event. The total rainfall during the experiment was 1,480 mm, equivalent to more than 80% of the annual rainfall, with the largest rainfall of 413 mm occurring in July. Strong rainfall, exceeding 10 mm in 10 min, occurred frequently (26 times). More than 50% of the surface runoff water and sediment were generated during the mid-rainy season. Short-term water budget analysis revealed that the amount of the surface runoff water and sediment depended on the soil surface conditions and the initial volumetric water content of the soil. Specifically, 1) rapid water infiltration and percolation suppress the surface runoff water and sediment during the early rainy season, 2) water saturation in the surface soil, clogging of soil pores, and sealing induce soil loss during the mid-rainy season, and 3) crust formation and/or clogging of soil pores induces surface runoff during the late rainy season. Mulching suppressed surface runoff generation by facilitating water infiltration into the soil and mitigating the disturbance of the soil surface by raindrops.



中文翻译:

利用短期水收支分析老挝北部陡坡农田地表径流水和沉积物的生成

摘要

2014年雨季,在老挝北部陡峭的农田进行了田间试验,以确定导致地表径流水和泥沙产生(即水土流失)的因素。4 个处理(旱稻种植、玉米种植、玉米覆盖处理和裸地)安装在 2 平方米倾斜 25°的地块上,或 45%。每隔 10 分钟测量一次地表径流水,并在每次降雨事件后收集总侵蚀水和沉积物。试验期间的总降雨量为1480毫米,相当于全年降雨量的80%以上,其中最大的降雨量发生在7月份,为413毫米。10 分钟内超过 10 毫米的强降雨频繁发生(26 次)。50%以上的地表径流水和泥沙是在中雨季产生的。短期水分收支分析表明,地表径流水和泥沙的量取决于土壤表面条件和土壤的初始体积含水量。具体而言,1) 雨季初期水的快速入渗和渗滤抑制了地表径流水和泥沙,2) 中雨季表层土壤水分饱和,土壤孔隙堵塞和封堵导致水土流失,3 ) 地壳形成和/或土壤孔隙堵塞导致雨季后期地表径流。覆盖通过促进水渗入土壤和减轻雨滴对土壤表面的干扰来抑制地表径流的产生。短期水分收支分析表明,地表径流水和泥沙的量取决于土壤表面条件和土壤的初始体积含水量。具体而言,1) 雨季初期水的快速入渗和渗滤抑制了地表径流水和泥沙,2) 中雨季表层土壤水分饱和,土壤孔隙堵塞和封堵导致水土流失,3 ) 地壳形成和/或土壤孔隙堵塞导致雨季后期地表径流。覆盖通过促进水渗入土壤和减轻雨滴对土壤表面的干扰来抑制地表径流的产生。短期水分收支分析表明,地表径流水和泥沙的量取决于土壤表面条件和土壤的初始体积含水量。具体而言,1) 雨季初期水的快速入渗和渗滤抑制了地表径流水和泥沙,2) 中雨季表层土壤水分饱和,土壤孔隙堵塞和封堵导致水土流失,3 ) 地壳形成和/或土壤孔隙堵塞导致雨季后期地表径流。覆盖通过促进水渗入土壤和减轻雨滴对土壤表面的干扰来抑制地表径流的产生。

更新日期:2021-05-21
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