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Crop functional diversity drives multiple ecosystem functions during early agroforestry succession
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-22 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13930
Diego Santos 1, 2 , Fernando Joner 1 , Bill Shipley 3 , Marinice Teleginski 1 , Renata Rodrigues Lucas 1 , Ilyas Siddique 1
Affiliation  

  1. We still lack practical guidelines for diversifying cropping systems that consider both yield and regulating functions of agroecosystems. Recent studies have suggested that maximizing functional diversity (FD, the distribution of species with different functional traits in the niche space) may lead to agroecosystems with greater multifunctionality due to niche complementarity. Therefore, scientists are now advocating the use of a trait-based approach to develop multifunctional sustainable agroecosystems.
  2. In order to assess the effects of crop FD on key agroecosystem functions and to consider trade-offs and synergies among them, we established, in late 2016, permanent experimental field plots of successional agroforestry systems (SAFS), in humid subtropical Southern Brazil. The experiment represents a gradient of plant functional trait diversity (designed FD based on leaf nitrogen concentration), while maintaining crop species richness constant across all treatments. Our hypothesis is that the observed FD of crops (hereafter, crop FD) drives multiple agroecosystem functions.
  3. We determined the observed FD by quantifying traits of crops and weeds (maximum plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area) and performed two data collections (March and September 2017) at the end of the summer and winter crops respectively. We used structural equation modelling to test a hypothetical causal model to explain how crop FD affects three functions: weed suppression, soil protection (soil cover by either crops or weeds) and crop yield.
  4. Our results support the hypothesis that high crop FD drives agroecosystem processes and contributes to the provision of multiple ecosystem functions. We found that with greater crop FD in SAFS, crop plants occupied a large niche space, thereby increasing the total photosynthetic light intercepted in the agroecosystem, that in turn, increased crop yield. Additionally, greater FD increased soil protection by crops and decreased weed cover. This greater FD also reduced the FD of the weed community.
  5. Synthesis and applications. Crop mixtures based on complementary plant traits can increase the multifunctionality of agroecosystems through their sustainable use. A more heterogeneous structure and projection of crop leaf area drives greater resistance to competition with weeds and produces higher crop yields in young diversified crop mixtures.


中文翻译:

作物功能多样性在早期农林演替过程中驱动多种生态系统功能

  1. 我们仍然缺乏考虑农业生态系统产量和调节功能的多样化种植系统的实用指南。最近的研究表明,最大化功能多样性(FD,生态位空间中具有不同功能特征的物种的分布)可能会导致农业生态系统由于生态位互补而具有更大的多功能性。因此,科学家们现在提倡使用基于特性的方法来开发多功能可持续农业生态系统。
  2. In order to assess the effects of crop FD on key agroecosystem functions and to consider trade-offs and synergies among them, we established, in late 2016, permanent experimental field plots of successional agroforestry systems (SAFS), in humid subtropical Southern Brazil. The experiment represents a gradient of plant functional trait diversity (designed FD based on leaf nitrogen concentration), while maintaining crop species richness constant across all treatments. Our hypothesis is that the observed FD of crops (hereafter, crop FD) drives multiple agroecosystem functions.
  3. 我们通过量化作物和杂草的性状(最大株高、叶面积、比叶面积)来确定观察到的 FD,并分别在夏季和冬季作物结束时进行了两次数据收集(2017 年 3 月和 2017 年 9 月)。我们使用结构方程模型来测试假设的因果模型,以解释作物 FD 如何影响三个功能:杂草抑制、土壤保护(作物或杂草的土壤覆盖)和作物产量。
  4. 我们的结果支持高作物 FD 驱动农业生态系统过程并有助于提供多种生态系统功能的假设。我们发现,随着 SAFS 中作物 FD 的增加,作物植物占据了较大的生态位空间,从而增加了农业生态系统中截获的总光合光,从而增加了作物产量。此外,更大的FD增加了作物对土壤的保护并减少了杂草覆盖。这种更大的 FD 也减少了杂草群落的 FD。
  5. 合成与应用。基于互补植物性状的作物混合物可以通过可持续利用增加农业生态系统的多功能性。作物叶面积的更异质结构和投影驱动对杂草竞争的更大抵抗力,并在年轻的多样化作物混合物中产生更高的作物产量。
更新日期:2021-05-22
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