Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing receptors or NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are cytosolic pattern recognition receptors, which sense conserved microbial patterns and host-derived danger signals to elicit innate immune responses. The activation of several prototypic NLRs, including NLR and pyrin domain (PYD) containing (NLRP) 1, NLRP3 and NLR and caspase recruitment domain (CARD) containing (NLRC) 4, results in the assembly of inflammasomes, which are large, cytoplasmic multiprotein signalling platforms responsible for the maturation and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and for the induction of a specialized form of inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis. However, the function of other members of the NLR family, including NLRP7, are less well understood. NLRP7 has been linked to innate immune signalling, but its precise role is still controversial as it has been shown to positively and negatively affect inflammasome responses. Inflammasomes are essential for homeostasis and host defence, but inappropriate inflammasome responses due to hereditary mutations and somatic mosaicism in inflammasome components and defective regulation have been linked to a broad spectrum of human diseases. A compelling connection between NLRP7 mutations and reproductive diseases, and in particular molar pregnancy, has been established. However, the molecular mechanisms by which NLRP7 mutations contribute to reproductive diseases are largely unknown. In this review, we focus on NLRP7 and discuss the current evidence of its role in inflammasome regulation and its implication in human reproductive diseases.

中文翻译：

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NLRP7：从炎症小体调节到人类疾病

核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域 (NOD) 和富含亮氨酸重复 (LRR) 的受体或 NOD 样受体 (NLR) 是胞质模式识别受体，它们感知保守的微生物模式和宿主衍生的危险信号以引发先天免疫反应。几个原型 NLRs 的激活，包括 NLR 和 pyrin 结构域 (PYD) 包含 (NLRP) 1、NLRP3 和 NLR 和半胱天冬酶募集结构域 (CARD) 包含 (NLRC) 4，导致炎性体组装，这是大的细胞质多蛋白信号平台负责促炎细胞因子 IL-1β 和 IL-18 的成熟和释放，以及诱导一种称为细胞焦亡的特殊形式的炎症细胞死亡。然而，对 NLR 家族其他成员（包括 NLRP7）的功能知之甚少。NLRP7 与先天免疫信号传导有关，但它的确切作用仍然存在争议，因为它已被证明对炎症反应产生积极和消极的影响。炎性体对于体内平衡和宿主防御至关重要，但由于遗传性突变和炎性体成分中的体细胞嵌合性以及调节缺陷导致的不适当炎性体反应与广泛的人类疾病有关。之间的紧密联系 但由于遗传突变和炎症小体成分中的体细胞嵌合以及调节缺陷导致的不适当的炎症小体反应与广泛的人类疾病有关。之间的紧密联系 但由于遗传突变和炎症小体成分中的体细胞嵌合以及调节缺陷导致的不适当的炎症小体反应与广泛的人类疾病有关。之间的紧密联系NLRP7 突变和生殖疾病，特别是葡萄胎妊娠，已经确定。然而，NLRP7 突变导致生殖疾病的分子机制在很大程度上是未知的。在这篇综述中，我们关注 NLRP7 并讨论其在炎症小体调节中的作用及其在人类生殖疾病中的影响的当前证据。