Land-use and climate change are two of the key forces driving soil organisms’ activity and thus the ecosystem functions they provide. However, potential interactive effects of climate change and different land-use types on soil biological activity still remain unclear. Here, we studied soil biological activity in a large-scale field experiment initiated in 2014 in central Germany with two levels of input intensity (conventional versus organic treatment) and two climate scenarios (ambient climate versus “projected climate”, i.e., increased temperature by +0.55 °C and altered rainfall patterns across seasons). We measured soil microbial activity and invertebrate decomposer feeding activity across two years (2rd and 3rd year after establishment) in three-week intervals. Both soil biological activity measures were used as proxies for decomposition processes. Interactive effects of climate change and land-use types were not significant in the present study. Our results show that the projected climate reduced soil invertebrate decomposer activity by −16%, while soil microbial activity was not impaired. This suggests that even a slight increase in temperature together with a shift in precipitation patterns, can induce a significant reduction in soil functions like organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling. Soil microbial (−9.6%) and invertebrate decomposer activity (−22%) were significantly lower in organic treatment compared to conventional treatment, which might be due to higher soil organic carbon and nutrient concentrations in conventional treatment in the short term. These findings highlight the need to better understand the main drivers of short- and long-term effects on belowground functioning to develop sustainable management strategies for healthy soils in a changing climate.

土地利用和气候变化是驱动土壤生物活动并因此提供其生态系统功能的两个关键因素。但是，气候变化和不同土地利用类型对土壤生物活动的潜在互动影响仍然不清楚。在这里，我们通过2014年在德国中部发起的大规模田间试验研究了土壤生物活性，该试验具有两种输入强度水平（常规处理与有机处理）和两种气候情景（环境气候处理与“预计的气候”，即温度升高+0.55°C，并且整个季节的降雨方式都发生了变化）。我们以三周的间隔测量了两年（建立后的第二年和第三年）的土壤微生物活动和无脊椎动物分解物的摄食活动。两种土壤生物活性指标均被用作分解过程的代理。在本研究中，气候变化和土地利用类型的相互作用影响不显着。我们的结果表明，预计的气候会使土壤无脊椎动物的分解活动降低-16％，而土壤微生物活动并未受到损害。这表明，即使温度略有升高并伴随着降水模式的变化，也会导致土壤功能的显着降低，例如有机物分解和养分循环。土壤微生物（−9。与常规处理相比，有机处理的无脊椎动物分解率（6％）和无脊椎动物分解剂的活性（−22％）显着降低，这可能是由于短期内常规处理中较高的土壤有机碳和养分浓度所致。这些发现突出表明，有必要更好地了解对地下功能的短期和长期影响的主要驱动力，以便为气候变化中的健康土壤制定可持续的管理策略。