Geothermal energy has been widely proposed as a potential renewable energy to replace traditional fossil fuel energy. Hot dry rock (HDR) reservoir which contains abundant geothermal energy widely distributes in China. The Gonghe Basin in Northwest China is chosen to develop the Chinese first HDR field operation project. HDR is a low-permeability, high temperature and hard granite without fluid. Developing HDR requires water cyclically flowing between injection and production wells to extract heat energy. Hydraulic fracturing, as a key reservoir stimulation technology, can create the path of fluid cyclically flowing. However, few studies have investigated hydraulic induced artificial fractures in HDR geothermal formations. This paper investigated HDR geothermal reservoir stimulation characteristics and fracture patterns during hydraulic fracturing. Reservoir stimulation was conducted with a true triaxial hydraulic fracturing apparatus which could establish a real HDR formation environment in the laboratory. The factors affecting breakdown pressure and fracture creation were investigated via experiments and numerical simulations. This study could be used to evaluate and design reservoir stimulation in field HDR geothermal operation.