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“Even in the most insignificant publication, there must be plan and order”: On natural history as a theme and genre in Danish-Norwegian parish topographies of the late eighte enth century
Endeavour ( IF 0.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100776
Signe Mellemgaard 1
Affiliation  

Like the rest of Scandinavia, Denmark and Norway have a strong tradition of comprehensive topographical descriptions, often written by local clergymen. Physical-economic descriptions of small areas, most often parishes, emerging in the middle of the eighteenth century soon formed a model that remained strikingly uniform until around 1820, when the topographies changed once again. In the Dual Monarchy of Denmark and Norway, the years between 1760 and 1820 revealed a prolific topographic genre in which natural history and natural resources played important parts. Natural history was essential, being regarded as the condition for the composite peasant economy and offering the opportunity to reveal unknown sources of livelihood or intensify the use of those sources. Natural history was not only an aspect of the locality that should be dealt with in the description of the locality, but it became an entire scheme or method for the whole description, in which knowledge took up the form of inventories as did natural history itself. The topographical descriptions give hints as to the sort of observing, collecting, identifying, sorting, and ordering practices that lay behind the text. The concise and neutral form of these topographies did not give much room for the emotionality otherwise considered in the period as both a precondition for and an effect of dealings with natural history, and only rarely, in small gaps, did the sensual and aesthetic preferences of the authors come through, occasionally revealing their doubts but also their love of nature.



中文翻译:

“即使是最微不足道的出版物,也必须有计划和秩序”:论自然历史作为 18 世纪后期丹麦-挪威教区地形学的主题和体裁

与斯堪的纳维亚其他地区一样,丹麦和挪威有着丰富的地形描述传统,通常由当地神职人员撰写。18 世纪中叶出现的小区域(最常见的是教区)的物质经济描述很快形成了一个模型,直到 1820 年左右,地形再次发生变化,该模型仍然保持一致。在丹麦和挪威的双重君主制中,1760 年至 1820 年之间的年代揭示了一种多产的地形类型,其中自然历史和自然资源发挥了重要作用。自然史是必不可少的,被视为复合农民经济的条件,并提供机会揭示未知的生计来源或加强这些来源的利用。自然历史不仅是地方描述中应该处理的地方的一个方面,而且成为整个描述的完整方案或方法,其中知识像自然历史本身一样采取了清单的形式。地形描述提示了文本背后的观察、收集、识别、分类和排序实践。这些地形简洁而中性的形式并没有为当时被认为是处理自然历史的先决条件和结果的情感提供太多空间,并且很少在很小的间隙中表现出人们的感官和审美偏好。作者走过来,偶尔透露出他们的疑虑,但也透露出他们对自然的热爱。但它变成了整个描述的完整方案或方法,其中知识采用了清单的形式,就像自然历史本身一样。地形描述提示了文本背后的观察、收集、识别、分类和排序实践。这些地形简洁而中性的形式并没有为当时被认为是处理自然历史的先决条件和结果的情感提供太多空间,并且很少在很小的间隙中表现出人们的感官和审美偏好。作者走过来,偶尔透露出他们的疑虑,但也透露出他们对自然的热爱。但它变成了整个描述的完整方案或方法,其中知识采用了清单的形式,就像自然历史本身一样。地形描述提示了文本背后的观察、收集、识别、分类和排序实践。这些地形简洁而中性的形式并没有为当时被认为是处理自然历史的先决条件和结果的情感提供太多空间,并且很少在很小的间隙中表现出人们的感官和审美偏好。作者走过来,偶尔透露出他们的疑虑,但也透露出他们对自然的热爱。地形描述提示了文本背后的观察、收集、识别、分类和排序实践。这些地形简洁而中性的形式并没有为当时被认为是处理自然历史的先决条件和结果的情感提供太多空间,并且很少在很小的间隙中表现出人们的感官和审美偏好。作者走过来,偶尔透露出他们的疑虑,但也透露出他们对自然的热爱。地形描述提示了文本背后的观察、收集、识别、分类和排序实践。这些地形简洁而中性的形式并没有为当时被认为是处理自然历史的先决条件和结果的情感提供太多空间,并且很少在很小的间隙中表现出人们的感官和审美偏好。作者走过来,偶尔透露出他们的疑虑,但也透露出他们对自然的热爱。

更新日期:2021-05-22
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