Abstract

The effect of waste dumps on groundwater quality on perched aquifers in Nsukka and environs was investigated by applying multivariate statistical analyses using Statgraphics Centurion XVII, ArcGIS 10.2.2 and Surfer 10 software on hydrochemical parameters from soil (0 cm and 15 cm depth) and groundwater media. Factor analysis, correlation, principal component analysis and cluster analysis reflect biodegradable domestic solid contaminants, automobile contaminants and construction or building contaminants. The significant or positive correlation between parameters was taken at value equal to or greater than 0.5. Chromium showed positive or significant correlation with copper (0.98), cadmium (0.91), nitrate (0.87) and potassium (0.82) indicating that they are from the same source. Zinc showed positive correlation with manganese (0.89) and pH (0.70) showing similar source. The first cluster showed chromium, copper, cadmium, nitrate, potassium and iron which could be attributed to market and domestic biodegradable wastes. The second cluster showed parameter association for lead, EC and mercury which could be attributed to automobile wastes. The third cluster showed zinc, manganese and pH which could be attributed to construction and building wastes. This showed that the third cluster is the major contributor to the soil pH. Based on the Normality Tests (Shapiro-Wilk significance test) to determine P-Value of the analyzed parameters, in the study area; there was no significant spatial variation (@p > 0.05) in the values of parameters such as chromium, iron, pH in the impact zone and the control area. Conversely, the other parameters were statistically significant. For the groundwater analysis, the dendrogram extracted three clusters highlighting the parameter associations according to their possible sources of occurrence. The first cluster showed potassium, sodium, DOI, manganese, and bicarbonate, which could be attributed to construction and building wastes. The second cluster showed parameter association for sulfate, nitrate, calcium and chloride; which could be domestic biodegradable solid waste. The third cluster showed pH, EC, TDS, Cu⁺, Pb^2+, Hg⁺, Fe²⁺, Cr²⁺ and Cd²⁺ which could be attributed to automobile wastes.

摘要

通过使用 Statgraphics Centurion XVII、ArcGIS 10.2.2 和 Surfer 10 软件对土壤（0 厘米和 15 厘米深度）和地下水的水化学参数进行多元统计分析，研究了废物倾倒场对 Nsukka 和周边地区栖息含水层地下水质量的影响媒体。因子分析、相关性、主成分分析和聚类分析反映可生物降解的家用固体污染物、汽车污染物和建筑或建筑污染物。参数之间的显着或正相关取值等于或大于0.5。铬与铜（0.98）、镉（0.91）、硝酸盐（0.87）和钾（0.82）呈正相关或显着相关，表明它们来自同一来源。锌与锰（0.89）和pH（0. 70）显示类似的来源。第一个簇显示铬、铜、镉、硝酸盐、钾和铁，这可归因于市场和国内的可生物降解废物。第二个集群显示了可归因于汽车废物的铅、EC 和汞的参数关联。第三组显示锌、锰和 pH 值，这可归因于建筑和建筑废物。这表明第三个簇是土壤 pH 值的主要贡献者。基于正态性检验（Shapiro-Wilk 显着性检验）来确定 第三组显示锌、锰和 pH 值，这可归因于建筑和建筑废物。这表明第三个簇是土壤 pH 值的主要贡献者。基于正态性检验（Shapiro-Wilk 显着性检验）来确定 第三组显示锌、锰和 pH 值，这可归因于建筑和建筑废物。这表明第三个簇是土壤 pH 值的主要贡献者。基于正态性检验（Shapiro-Wilk 显着性检验）来确定研究区域内分析参数的P 值；影响区和控制区的铬、铁、pH 等参数值没有显着的空间变化（@p > 0.05）。相反，其他参数具有统计学意义。对于地下水分析，树状图根据可能的出现来源提取了三个突出显示参数关联的集群。第一个簇显示钾、钠、DOI、锰和碳酸氢盐，这可归因于建筑和建筑垃圾。第二个集群显示了硫酸盐、硝酸盐、钙和氯化物的参数关联；这可能是国内可生物降解的固体废物。第三个簇显示 pH、EC、TDS、Cu ⁺、Pb 2 ^+、 Hg ⁺、Fe ²⁺、Cr ²⁺和Cd ²⁺，这可归因于汽车废物。