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Production of a nickel-based catalyst for urea electrooxidation using spent batteries as raw material: Electrochemical synthesis and implications from a circular economy stand-point
Sustainable Materials and Technologies ( IF 9.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-20 , DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2021.e00296
Héctor Rueda , Miguel Arenas , Ronald Vargas-Balda , Sergio Blanco , Pedro Delvasto

In this work, we leached the electrochemically active powder (black mass) from spent Ni-MH batteries in an aqueous solution containing citric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The obtained multimetallic solution was chemically analyzed and its speciation simulated via thermodynamic software. Electrolysis of the leachate rendered a new metal coating containing Ni, Zn and Co on a copper substrate. The electrochemical stability of the alloy-coated electrode was evaluated in a 1 M KOH solution through cyclic voltammetry analysis and compared against a pure‑nickel electrode standard. Moreover, the catalytic capacity of the alloyed electrode was studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometric analysis using a mixture of 1 M KOH and 0.3 M urea. During the electrooxidation of urea, the Ni-Zn-Co coated electrode exhibited better performance than the pure‑nickel catalytic electrode used as standard, with a current response 1.8 times higher than pure nickel and 9.4% lower energy consumption than pure nickel. This promising result opens the possibility for targeting the manufacturing of catalytic electrodes as a viable end-user of the recovered metal values contained in spent batteries. As a result, a conceptual process flow diagram was devised for this novel valorization procedure. The application of these alloyed electrodes for the remediation of urea-containing water was conceptually proposed, as well. From a circular economy standpoint, this work describes an industrial ecosystem involving the life cycle of Ni-MH batteries, the electroplating industrial process, and the environmental services. Consequently, an innovative and symbiotic materials flow was depicted for wastewater treatment based on electrooxidation procedures.



中文翻译:

以废电池为原料生产的尿素电氧化镍基催化剂:电化学合成及其从循环经济角度的启示

在这项工作中,我们从废Ni-MH电池中浸出了含有柠檬酸和过氧化氢的水溶液,浸出了电化学活性粉末(黑色物质)。对获得的多金属溶液进行化学分析,并通过热力学软件模拟其形态。浸出液的电解在铜基体上形成了一种新的金属涂层,该涂层包含Ni,Zn和Co。通过循环伏安分析在1 M KOH溶液中评估了合金涂层电极的电化学稳定性,并将其与纯镍电极标准品进行了比较。此外,使用1 M KOH和0.3 M尿素的混合物,通过循环伏安法和计时电流分析法研究了合金电极的催化能力。在尿素的电氧化过程中,Ni-Zn-Co涂层电极表现出比标准的纯镍催化电极更好的性能,其电流响应是纯镍的1.8倍,能耗比纯镍低9.4%。这一有希望的结果为将催化电极的制造作为废电池中所含的回收金属价值的可行最终用户提供了可能性。结果,为该新颖的评估过程设计了概念性的工艺流程图。还从概念上提出了这些合金电极在含尿素水修复中的应用。从循环经济的角度来看,这项工作描述了一个工业生态系统,涉及镍氢电池的生命周期,电镀工业过程和环境服务。最后,

更新日期:2021-05-25
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