Led by German-born Carl Laemmle, Universal Pictures devoted itself to winning over the German market in the interwar period. Yet the German market proved difficult to crack, owing to political risk and cultural distance. We argue that cultural differences kept most American films from becoming more successful, even those that were shown in German theaters and prior to the advent of sound film. Universal Pictures resorted to a film strategy of localization using German actors and directors, which proved a winning formula just as the Nazis came to power.

中文翻译：

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“Carl Laemmle Presents”：1917-1934 年德国政治和文化风险的故事

在德国出生的卡尔·莱姆勒 (Carl Laemmle) 的带领下，环球影业在两次世界大战期间致力于赢得德国市场。然而，由于政治风险和文化距离，德国市场被证明难以破解。我们认为，文化差异使大多数美国电影无法取得更大的成功，即使是那些在德国剧院放映且在有声电影出现之前的电影。环球影业采用了使用德国演员和导演的本土化电影策略，这在纳粹上台时证明是一个成功的模式。