Despite international conventions and legislation, evermore frequently we witness the hundreds of thousands of people arrested, detained and abducted against their will from across all sorts of life and geographical contexts (i.e., journalists in Yemen, human rights defenders in Pakistan or campaigners in Myanmar.)¹ By definition, enforced disappearances occur when three elements combine: deprivation of liberty against the will of the person; involvement of government officials, at least by acquiescence; and a refusal to acknowledge the deprivation of liberty or concealment of the fate or whereabouts of the disappeared person (UNGA, 2010). In practice, however, forced disappearances are the outcome of complex and intertwined factors, usually involving unaccountable parties avoiding enforceable legislation (Rozema, 2011). Against this backdrop, researchers have begun to pay greater attention to state and non-state sanctioned disappearances. This commentary surveys recent data on enforced disappearance and suggests ways to help expand the knowledge frontier.

中文翻译：

---

强迫失踪与全球犯罪的不平等现象

尽管有国际公约和立法，我们仍然经常看到数十万人在各种生活和地理环境下被逮捕，拘留和绑架，他们的意愿来自各种生活和地理环境（例如，也门的记者，巴基斯坦的人权维护者或缅甸的活动家）。 ）¹根据定义，强迫失踪是三个因素结合在一起发生的：违反人的意愿剥夺自由；政府官员的参与，至少是默认的；拒绝承认被剥夺自由或隐瞒失踪者的命运或下落（UNGA，2010）。然而，在实践中，强迫失踪是复杂而相互交织的因素的结果，通常涉及不负责任的当事方避免执行法律（Rozema，2011年）。在这种背景下，研究人员已经开始更加关注国家和非国家批准的失踪案件。该评论调查了有关强迫失踪的最新数据，并提出了有助于扩大知识前沿的方法。