The diffusion of agroforestry systems is among the priority actions to reduce carbon emissions in Brazil. However, the economic impacts of agroforestry are still poorly understood. We evaluate the impacts of the diffusion of agroforestry systems on the cattle herd and the total value of agricultural production in Brazil. We use panel data models with municipal-level information from the Agricultural Censuses 2006 and 2017. We check the robustness of our estimates combining several empirical strategies, including spatial panel data model and instrumental variable estimators. We also consider that agroforestry impacts may differ according to the biome and crops used in the integrated systems. Our results highlight that agroforestry systems' diffusion had positive and relevant impacts on the stocking rate (heads/pasture area). Agroforestry may have also stimulated the shift from cattle raising to other activities with higher gross added value, such as soybean. In fact, the most significant economic impacts of agroforestry occur when the diffusion of agroforestry systems is related to soybean cultivation.

农林业体系的扩散是巴西减少碳排放的优先行动之一。但是，对农林业的经济影响仍然知之甚少。我们评估了农林业系统的扩散对牛群和巴西农业总产值的影响。我们将面板数据模型与来自2006年和2017年农业普查的市政信息一起使用。我们结合几种经验策略（包括空间面板数据模型和工具变量估计量）来检验估计值的稳健性。我们还认为，农作物林业的影响可能会因综合系统中使用的生物群落和农作物而异。我们的结果表明，农林业体系的扩散对放养率（头/牧草面积）产生了积极和相关的影响。农林业可能也促进了从养牛业向总附加值较高的其他活动（如大豆）的转变。实际上，当农林业体系的扩散与大豆种植有关时，农林业的最重大的经济影响就会发生。