ABSTRACT

The peace process with the FARC-EP has been recognized as pioneering for how it addresses gender issues. This was made possible by the action of feminist and women’s movements. This article analyzes the principle achievements of those movements during the negotiation process and identifies the challenges they face for the materialization of women’s rights. In doing so, we enter into dialogue with two theses from the literature about women and peace. The first argues that political pressure from movements is essential in order to increase women’s participation in negotiation processes; the second argues that neither the incorporation of women in negotiations nor the inclusion of gender considerations in agreements is sufficient to guarantee their implementation. Analyzing the Colombian case, we conclude that, along with political pressure, the recognition of these movements as key for peacebuilding and their accumulated political force were vital for raising their demands. Furthermore, the government in office’s position on peace and women’s right has important impacts on the incorporation and implementation of gender provisions. Along with the government’s political position, we identify other challenges: the delegitimization of women’s demands by characterizing them as promoting ‘gender ideology,’ the instrumental and depoliticized application of a gender perspective, the exacerbation of violence, the predominance of liberal visions of peace in dialogue with the state, hierarchical relations within these movements, and a certain level of disarticulation of diverse feminist struggles in the peace scenarios.

摘要

FARC-EP 的和平进程被认为是解决性别问题的先驱。女权主义和妇女运动的行动使这成为可能。本文分析了这些运动在谈判过程中取得的主要成就，并确定了它们在实现妇女权利方面面临的挑战。在这样做的过程中，我们与关于妇女与和平的文学作品中的两个主题进行了对话。第一种观点认为，运动的政治压力对于增加妇女参与谈判进程至关重要；第二种观点认为，无论是让妇女参与谈判，还是将性别因素纳入协议，都不足以保证其实施。分析哥伦比亚的情况，我们得出结论，在政治压力下，承认这些运动是建设和平的关键及其积累的政治力量，对于提高他们的要求至关重要。此外，在职政府在和平与妇女权利方面的立场对性别条款的纳入和实施具有重要影响。除了政府的政治立场外，我们还确定了其他挑战：通过将女性需求描述为促进“性别意识形态”而将其合法化，性别观点的工具性和非政治化应用，暴力的加剧，自由主义和平愿景的主导地位与国家的对话、这些运动内部的等级关系，以及在和平场景中对各种女权主义斗争的某种程度的脱节。