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Nicotine-free vapor inhalation produces behavioral disruptions and anxiety-like behaviors in mice: Effects of puff duration, session length, sex, and flavor
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-19 , DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173207
Patrick I Garrett 1 , Sarah C Honeycutt 2 , Clarissa Marston 3 , Nicole Allen 3 , Allyson G Barraza 3 , Megan Dewey 3 , Breeann Turner 3 , Ashley M Peterson 3 , Todd M Hillhouse 4
Affiliation  

Electronic-cigarette's (ECIGs) popularity has grown over the last decade and changed the way individuals administer nicotine. Preclinical research is imperative for understanding the addictive properties and health-risks associated with ECIG use; however, there is not a standard dosing regimen used across research laboratories. The main objective was to determine how vapor puff durations, administration session length, and flavored e-liquid alter general and mood-disorder related behaviors while providing a foundation of vapor administration parameters. Adult male and female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to several nicotine-free unflavored vapor puff durations (1, 3, 6, or 10 s) and vapor administration session lengths (10 and 30 min) then measured on the following assays: locomotor activity (LMA), tail suspension test (TST), and light-dark test. The effects of mecamylamine and the time-course of vapor-induced depression of LMA also were assessed. Additionally, mice were exposed to flavored (strawberry and adventurers tobacco blend) vapor inhalation and measured on locomotor activity, tail suspension test, and light-dark test. Following both 10 and 30 min vapor administration session, there was a puff duration-dependent decrease in distance traveled, time in center, and rearing. The vapor-induced depression of LMA was not mediated by nicotine or nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation and lasted 60–90 min. The 10 s puff duration produced an anxiogenic-like effect in the light-dark test by decreasing the time spent in the light side. Vapor inhalation did not significantly alter TST behavior. No significant effects of sex or flavor were found. The anxiogenic-like effects of nicotine-free vapor inhalation are concerning as many adolescents vape nicotine-free flavored e-liquid, and there is an association between ECIGs and mood disorders. Additionally, these studies demonstrate that vapor puff duration, but not vapor administration session length, is an important variable to consider during research design as it can become a confounding variable and alter baseline behaviors.



中文翻译:

吸入不含尼古丁的蒸汽会导致小鼠行为紊乱和类似焦虑的行为:吸食持续时间、吸食时长、性别和味道的影响

电子烟 (ECIG) 在过去十年中越来越受欢迎,并改变了个人使用尼古丁的方式。临床前研究对于了解与 ECIG 使用相关的成瘾特性和健康风险是必不可少的;然而,研究实验室并没有使用标准的剂量方案。主要目的是确定蒸汽抽吸持续时间、给药时间长度和调味电子液体如何改变一般和情绪障碍相关行为,同时提供蒸汽给药参数的基础。成年雄性和雌性 C57BL/6 小鼠暴露于几种不含尼古丁的无味蒸汽抽吸持续时间(1、3、6 或 10 秒)和蒸汽给药时间长度(10 和 30 分钟),然后在以下测定中测量:运动活动(LMA)、悬尾测试 (TST) 和明暗测试。还评估了美加明的作用和蒸汽诱导的 LMA 抑制的时间过程。此外,小鼠暴露于调味(草莓和冒险家烟草混合)蒸汽吸入并测量运动活动、尾部悬吊测试和光暗测试。在 10 分钟和 30 分钟的蒸气给药过程之后,在行驶距离、在中心的时间和饲养方面存在依赖于抽吸持续时间的减少。蒸汽诱导的 LMA 抑制不是由尼古丁或烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体 (nAChR) 激活介导的,并持续 60-90 分钟。10 秒的抽吸持续时间通过减少在光侧花费的时间在光暗测试中产生类似焦虑的效果。蒸气吸入不会显着改变 TST 行为。没有发现性别或味道的显着影响。无尼古丁蒸汽吸入的焦虑样作用与许多青少年使用无尼古丁调味电子液体有关,并且 ECIG 与情绪障碍之间存在关联。此外,这些研究表明,蒸汽抽吸持续时间,而不是蒸汽给药时间长度,是研究设计过程中需要考虑的一个重要变量,因为它可能成为一个混杂变量并改变基线行为。

更新日期:2021-05-24
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