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In search of mindfulness: a review and reconsideration of cultural dynamics from a cognitive perspective
Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-18 , DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2021.1915804
Johannes Alfons Karl 1 , Finley Ngarangi Johnson 1 , Luisa Bucci 1 , Ronald Fischer 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

We provide a critical review of mindfulness research, focusing on three core areas and questions. First, a meta-review and bibliometric analysis on mindfulness research trends identified a large number of meta-analyses published in the last 20 years, which tend to show positive effects on average, despite continuing questions on research quality, unclear pathways and uncertainty about the efficacy of individual practice components. Second, we briefly review current conceptualizations of mindfulness as both a practice and a trait (individual difference variable) and how these interpretations may align with the diverse Buddhist philosophical roots. We examine the multidimensionality of mindfulness within and across cultural contexts, which points to conflicts between bottom-up (functionalist) and top-down (culturally relativist meaning-system) interpretations. In order to reconcile these interpretations, we introduce a predictive coding approach which allows integrating bottom-up biological and individual difference dynamics with top-down normative and cultural influences. Finally, we apply these ideas to two examples of how mindfulness components might be present in different cultural practices: (a) stoic philosophy and (b) established concepts from Te Ao Māori. We argue that recontextualizing mindfulness in culturally relevant terms provides opportunities to enrich both mindfulness theory and practice, allowing for an integration of cognitive-functional and cultural relativist positions.



中文翻译:

寻找正念:从认知角度回顾和重新思考文化动态

摘要

我们对正念研究进行了批判性审查,重点关注三个核心领域和问题。首先,对正念研究趋势的元回顾和文献计量分析确定了过去 20 年发表的大量元分析,尽管研究质量仍然存在问题、路径不明确和个别练习成分的功效。其次,我们简要回顾了当前将正念作为一种实践和特征(个体差异变量)的概念化,以及这些解释如何与不同的佛教哲学根源保持一致。我们研究了文化背景内和跨文化背景下正念的多维性,这指出了自下而上(功能主义)和自上而下(文化相对主义意义系统)解释之间的冲突。为了调和这些解释,我们引入了一种预测编码方法,该方法允许将自下而上的生物和个体差异动态与自上而下的规范和文化影响相结合。最后,我们将这些想法应用于两个例子,说明正念成分如何在不同的文化实践中出现:(a)斯多葛哲学和(b)来自 Te Ao Māori 的既定概念。我们认为,用与文化相关的术语将正念重新语境化提供了丰富正念理论和实践的机会,允许整合认知功能和文化相对主义立场。我们引入了一种预测编码方法,该方法允许将自下而上的生物和个体差异动态与自上而下的规范和文化影响相结合。最后,我们将这些想法应用于两个例子,说明正念成分如何在不同的文化实践中出现:(a)斯多葛哲学和(b)来自 Te Ao Māori 的既定概念。我们认为,用文化相关的术语将正念重新语境化提供了丰富正念理论和实践的机会,允许整合认知功能和文化相对主义立场。我们引入了一种预测编码方法,该方法允许将自下而上的生物和个体差异动态与自上而下的规范和文化影响相结合。最后,我们将这些想法应用于两个例子,说明正念成分如何在不同的文化实践中出现:(a)斯多葛哲学和(b)来自 Te Ao Māori 的既定概念。我们认为,用文化相关的术语将正念重新语境化提供了丰富正念理论和实践的机会,允许整合认知功能和文化相对主义立场。我们将这些想法应用于两个例子,说明正念成分如何在不同的文化实践中出现:(a) 斯多葛哲学和 (b) 来自 Te Ao Māori 的既定概念。我们认为,用与文化相关的术语将正念重新语境化提供了丰富正念理论和实践的机会,允许整合认知功能和文化相对主义立场。我们将这些想法应用于两个例子,说明正念成分如何在不同的文化实践中出现:(a) 斯多葛哲学和 (b) 来自 Te Ao Māori 的既定概念。我们认为,用文化相关的术语将正念重新语境化提供了丰富正念理论和实践的机会,允许整合认知功能和文化相对主义立场。

更新日期:2021-05-18
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