Background: Aggressive behavior in adolescents has become a concern in education, where adapting to and going through high school may generate important behavior problems in adolescents.
Purpose: Analyze the relationships between parental and adolescent attitudes toward aggression and empathy. Identify profiles of direct and indirect involvement in school violence and determine differences between groups with respect to the components of empathy and attitudes toward aggression.
Methods: The sample was comprised of 1287 high school students who were administered the Beliefs about Aggression and Alternatives questionnaire, the Parental Support for Fighting and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index.
Results: The results show that beliefs in favor of the use of aggression in adolescents correlate positively with the perception of strong support from parents for aggression in response to conflict. Similarly, higher levels of support for the use of nonviolent strategies are positively related to the perception of strong support from parents. The relationships established with the components of empathy analyzed, both cognitive and emotional, were negatively correlated with favorable attitudes toward aggression. Results concerning the groups directly involved indicated that there were significant differences in the components of empathy between the groups. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis applied to the direct involvement groups showed significant differences between the groups in taking perspective. Between-group differences in empathic concern were also statistically significant for the group of active observers.
Conclusion: Taking perspective and empathic concern are moderating variables both for observers and victims and their parents in situations of violence.



中文翻译：

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校园暴力的复杂性：对暴力中的攻击性、同理心和参与的态度

背景：青少年的攻击性行为已成为教育中的一个问题，适应和完成高中可能会在青少年中产生重要的行为问题。
目的：分析父母和青少年对攻击性和同理心的态度之间的关系。确定直接和间接参与学校暴力的概况，并确定群体之间在同理心和对攻击性态度方面的差异。
方法：样本由 1287 名高中生组成，他们接受了关于攻击性和替代方案的信念问卷、父母对战斗的支持和人际反应指数的问卷调查。
结果：结果表明，支持在青少年中使用攻击性的信念与父母强烈支持应对冲突的攻击性的感知呈正相关。类似地，对使用非暴力策略的更高水平的支持与父母强烈支持的感知正相关。与分析的共情成分建立的关系，包括认知和情感，与对攻击性的积极态度呈负相关。关于直接参与的群体的结果表明，群体之间的共情成分存在显着差异。此外，应用于直接参与组的多变量分析显示，各组之间在视角方面存在显着差异。
结论：对于暴力情况下的观察者和受害者及其父母而言，采取观点和同理心是调节变量。