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Childhood, disability and vocational training in Franco's Spain during the 1950s and early 1960s
History of Education Review Pub Date : 2021-05-19 , DOI: 10.1108/her-07-2020-0041
Mercedes Del Cura , José Martínez-Pérez

Purpose

This paper analyses the strategies designed by Franco´s dictatorship to address the “problem” of children with physical disabilities, focusing on the relevance given to vocational training.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws mainly on official documents, reports from international organisations, and Spanish experts' papers.

Findings

Francoism turned labour into one of the key pillars of its national project and included vocational training in the different stages of school life. From the mid-1950s, vocational training also became a key factor for the dictatorship's strategy towards disability. Following the recommendations issued by international agencies, Francoism began to adopt different measures towards the rehabilitation of children with disabilities. One of them was the creation, in 1959, of a special unit for adolescents within the National Institute for the Rehabilitation of Invalids. In addition to medical treatment, this unit provided children with education and vocational training.

Originality/value

The value of this paper lies in the fact that the topic it analyses has been little studied. Until now no attention has been given to the special unit for adolescents, despite it being a very interesting example of the medical model of disability and its contradictions. During their stay at the unit children were promised greater autonomy and independence, but their lives also became medicalised and they were forced to collaborate with experts.



中文翻译:

1950 年代和 1960 年代初期佛朗哥的西班牙的童年、残疾和职业培训

目的

本文分析了佛朗哥专政为解决身体残疾儿童的“问题”而设计的策略,重点关注职业培训的相关性。

设计/方法/方法

该论文主要借鉴了官方文件、国际组织的报告和西班牙专家的论文。

发现

佛朗哥主义将劳动力变成其国家项目的关键支柱之一,并将职业培训纳入学校生活的不同阶段。从 1950 年代中期开始,职业培训也成为独裁政权解决残疾问题的关键因素。根据国际机构提出的建议,佛朗哥主义开始采取不同的措施来促进残疾儿童的康复。其中之一是 1959 年,在国家残疾人康复研究所内设立了一个专门的青少年单位。除了医疗,该单位还为儿童提供教育和职业培训。

原创性/价值

本文的价值在于它分析的主题很少被研究。直到现在,还没有注意到青少年特殊病房,尽管它是残疾及其矛盾医学模式的一个非常有趣的例子。在单元逗留期间,孩子们被承诺有更大的自主权和独立性,但他们的生活也变得医学化,他们被迫与专家合作。

更新日期:2021-05-19
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