Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in the human population in late 2019, it has spread on an unprecedented scale worldwide leading to the first coronavirus pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 infection results in a wide range of clinical manifestations from asymptomatic to fatal cases. Although intensive research has been undertaken to increase understanding of the complex biology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the detailed mechanisms underpinning the severe pathogenesis and interactions between the virus and the host immune response are not well understood. Thus, the development of appropriate animal models that recapitulate human clinical manifestations and immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 is crucial. Although many animal models are currently available for the study of SARS-CoV-2 infection, each has distinct advantages and disadvantages, and some models show variable results between and within species. Thus, we aim to discuss the different animal models, including mice, hamsters, ferrets, and non-human primates, employed for SARS-CoV-2 infection studies and outline their individual strengths and limitations for use in studies aimed at increasing understanding of coronavirus pathogenesis. Moreover, a significant advantage of these animal models is that they can be tailored, providing unique options specific to the scientific goals of each researcher.

中文翻译：

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冠状病毒感染的实验动物模型：优点和局限性。

2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 是由严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 引起的。自 2019 年底 SARS-CoV-2 在人群中出现以来，它在全球范围内以前所未有的规模传播，导致了第一次冠状病毒大流行。SARS-CoV-2 感染会导致多种临床表现，从无症状到死亡病例。尽管为了加深对 SARS-CoV-2 感染复杂生物学的了解，人们进行了深入的研究，但支撑严重发病机制以及病毒与宿主免疫反应之间相互作用的详细机制尚不清楚。因此，开发能够重现人类临床表现和针对 SARS-CoV-2 的免疫反应的适当动物模型至关重要。尽管目前有许多动物模型可用于研究 SARS-CoV-2 感染，但每种模型都有独特的优点和缺点，并且一些模型在物种之间和物种内显示出不同的结果。因此，我们的目的是讨论用于 SARS-CoV-2 感染研究的不同动物模型，包括小鼠、仓鼠、雪貂和非人类灵长类动物，并概述它们在旨在增进对冠状病毒的了解的研究中的各自优势和局限性发病。此外，这些动物模型的一个显着优势是它们可以定制，为每个研究人员的科学目标提供独特的选择。