Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have become important tools for the development of novel human drugs. Food-producing animals and pets comprise an important part of human life, and the development of veterinary drugs (VDs) has greatly impacted human health. Owing to increased affordability of and demand for drug development, VD manufacturing companies should have more PBPK models required to reduce drug production costs. So far, little attention has been paid on applying PBPK models for the development of VDs. This review begins with the development processes of VDs; then summarizes case studies of PBPK models in human or VD development; and analyzes the application, potential, and advantages of PBPK in VD development, including candidate screening, formulation optimization, food effects, target-species safety, and dosing optimization. Then, the challenges of applying the PBPK model to VD development are discussed. Finally, future opportunities of PBPK models in designing dosing regimens for intracellular pathogenic infections and for efficient oral absorption of VDs are further forecasted. This review will be relevant to readers who are interested in using a PBPK model to develop new VDs.

中文翻译：

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应用生理药代动力学模型促进高效安全兽药开发

基于生理学的药代动力学 (PBPK) 模型已成为开发新型人类药物的重要工具。食用动物和宠物是人类生活的重要组成部分，兽药（VDs）的发展极大地影响了人类健康。由于药物开发的可负担性和需求增加，VD 制造公司应该有更多的 PBPK 模型来降低药物生产成本。到目前为止，很少有人关注将 PBPK 模型应用于 VD 的开发。本次审查从 VD 的开发过程开始；然后总结 PBPK 模型在人类或 VD 发展中的案例研究；并分析 PBPK 在 VD 开发中的应用、潜力和优势，包括候选筛选、配方优化、食品效应、目标物种安全性、和剂量优化。然后，讨论了将 PBPK 模型应用于 VD 开发的挑战。最后，进一步预测了 PBPK 模型在设计细胞内病原体感染和 VD 有效口服吸收给药方案方面的未来机会。这篇评论将与有兴趣使用 PBPK 模型开发新 VD 的读者相关。