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A Cautionary Tale of Environmental Management: Malaria, Water Management, and Land Reclamation in Twentieth-Century Guatemala
Environmental History ( IF 1.255 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-17 , DOI: 10.1093/envhis/emab023
David Carey

In the late 1920s, Guatemala embarked on environmental drainage projects aimed at eradicating mosquito breeding grounds. Designed to improve people’s lives, these efforts sometimes inadvertently undermined them, draining away water crucial to public hygiene campaigns. Although the goals of controlling malaria and expanding arable land were often in lockstep, the Guatemalan case of Lake Quinizilapa requires a more nuanced analysis. Bringing the historiographies of the environment and public health and medicine to bear on environmental management projects, this article demonstrates that environmental management and scientific medicine were as much about leveraging disease as eradicating it. Whereas Hispanic authorities could maintain theories disproven by entomology and parasitology without much criticism, indígenas (indigenous people) who articulated notions that contradicted science and challenged engineering’s supremacy were disparaged as ignorant inditos (little Indians). Intriguingly, the indigenous conception of the natural world more accurately predicted the outcome of the lake’s drainage prior to World War II. Political power and ethnicity determined the legitimacy of perspectives about the environment and disease.

中文翻译:

环境管理的警示故事:20 世纪危地马拉的疟疾、水管理和土地复垦

1920 年代后期,危地马拉启动了旨在根除蚊子滋生地的环境排水项目。这些旨在改善人们生活的努力有时会无意中破坏他们的生活,排干对公共卫生运动至关重要的水。尽管控制疟疾和扩大耕地的目标往往是同步的,但危地马拉奎尼齐拉帕湖的案例需要更细致的分析。本文将环境、公共卫生和医学的历史编入环境管理项目,证明环境管理和科学医学与消除疾病一样重要。虽然西班牙当局可以在没有太多批评的情况下维持被昆虫学和寄生虫学证伪的理论,但土著人提出与科学相矛盾的观点并挑战工程学霸权的(土著人)被贬低为无知的inditos(小印第安人)。有趣的是,土著对自然世界的概念更准确地预测了二战前湖泊排水的结果。政治权力和种族决定了有关环境和疾病的观点的合法性。
更新日期:2021-07-19
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