Recurrent pericarditis affects 15–30% of patients after acute pericarditis. A large number of the patients with recurrent pericarditis can become corticosteroid dependent, leading to disease chronicity and drug dependence, with additional morbidity from long-term steroid use. Recent randomized trials indicate the efficacy of the interleukin-1 inhibitors anakinra and rilonacept in recurrent pericarditis, including colchicine-resistant and corticosteroid-dependent cases. In particular, rilonacept was assessed in the RHAPSODY clinical trial and found to be a potential treatment option that would decrease recurrent episodes, enabling patients to be weaned off steroids. Additionally, new data indicate that rilonacept should be considered as an option for patients with recurrent pericarditis, as add-on therapy to colchicine and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, in place of steroids. We review the current management options for recurrent pericarditis as well as rilonacept as a prospective new addition to our armamentarium.

急性心包炎后复发性心包炎影响 15-30% 的患者。大量复发性心包炎患者会出现皮质类固醇依赖，导致疾病慢性化和药物依赖，长期使用类固醇会增加发病率。最近的随机试验表明白细胞介素 1 抑制剂阿那白滞素和利洛西普对复发性心包炎的疗效，包括对秋水仙碱耐药和皮质类固醇依赖的病例。特别是，rilonacept 在 RHAPSODY 临床试验中进行了评估，发现它是一种潜在的治疗选择，可以减少复发性发作，使患者能够摆脱类固醇。此外，新数据表明利洛西普应被视为复发性心包炎患者的一种选择，作为秋水仙碱和非甾体抗炎药的附加疗法，代替类固醇。我们回顾了目前复发性心包炎的管理方案以及利洛西普作为我们医疗设备的前瞻性新补充。