ABSTRACT

This paper presents an overview of West and Central European mapping between 1650 and 1800. The period was marked by the emergence of distinctive types of mapping, influenced by the spirit of the Enlightenment, particularly its adoption of consciously scientific methods and reliance on direct observation, the acceptance of geography as an academic discipline and a questioning attitude towards previously accepted authority. Such maps were expensive to create and relied on sponsorship by the state and/or academies and, in their published form, on collaboration of both with the map trade. ‘Enlightenment Maps’ are far from being a homogeneous group, however, are of varying quality, and were less prevalent than generally assumed: many traditional types of map continued to be created, published and purchased by an ever-widening public readership.

摘要

本文概述了 1650 年至 1800 年间西欧和中欧的测绘。这一时期的特点是出现了独特的测绘类型，受启蒙精神的影响，特别是启蒙运动有意识地采用科学方法和依赖直接观察，接受地理学作为一门学科，并对以前接受的权威持质疑态度。这种地图的制作成本很高，并且依赖于国家和/或学院的赞助，并且在出版形式中，需要双方与地图行业的合作。“启蒙地图”远非一个同质的群体，然而，质量参差不齐，而且没有普遍认为的那么普遍：许多传统类型的地图继续被不断扩大的公众读者创造、出版和购买。