Whereas we acknowledge that drawing as process and product within the visual arts is complex and wide ranging, this study concentrates on testing the effectiveness of different pedagogical strategies for enhancing accuracy as a learning objective in drawing from observation. Based on our collective experience teaching observational drawing, we hypothesised that describing a scene verbally in advance of drawing it would encourage a more sophisticated appraisal of the scene and result in a more accurate representation. To test this hypothesis, drawings were made under three conditions: beginning to draw immediately, waiting before drawing, and describing the scene verbally before drawing. The drawings were then rated for accuracy by expert and non-expert raters. Interestingly, the ‘wait’ condition had the greatest average benefit to drawing accuracy; however, the comprehensiveness of the description in the ‘describe’ condition also had a positive effect on drawing accuracy. As the number of words used in the description increased, the drawing accuracy increased such that the better descriptions result in drawings superior to the average in the ‘wait’ condition. This finding recommends that when drawing accuracy is important one should generate as rich a description as possible before beginning to draw.

中文翻译：

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我怎么知道我看到了什么，直到我听到我说了什么？

虽然我们承认绘画作为视觉艺术中的过程和产品是复杂而广泛的，但本研究专注于测试不同教学策略的有效性，以提高准确性作为观察绘画的学习目标。根据我们教授观察性绘画的集体经验，我们假设在绘画之前口头描述​​一个场景会鼓励对场景进行更复杂的评估并产生更准确的表示。为了验证这一假设，在三种条件下进行绘图：立即开始绘图、绘图前等待和绘图前口头描述​​场景。然后由专家和非专家评估者对图纸的准确性进行评估。有趣的是，“等待”条件对绘图准确性的平均益处最大；但是，“描述”条件中描述的全面性也对绘图准确性产生了积极影响。随着描述中使用的单词数量的增加，绘图准确性也随之提高，因此更好的描述会导致绘图优于“等待”条件下的平均水平。这一发现建议，当绘图准确性很重要时，应该在开始绘图之前生成尽可能丰富的描述。