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Satellite imagery and machine learning for identification of aridity risk in central Java Indonesia
PeerJ Computer Science ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-18 , DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.415
Sri Yulianto Joko Prasetyo 1 , Kristoko Dwi Hartomo 1 , Mila Chrismawati Paseleng 1
Affiliation  

This study aims to develop a software framework for predicting aridity using vegetation indices (VI) from LANDSAT 8 OLI images. VI data are predicted using machine learning (ml): Random Forest (RF) and Correlation and Regression Trees (CART). Comparison of prediction using Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (k-nn) and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS). Prediction results are interpolated using Inverse Distance Weight (IDW). This study was conducted in stages: (1) Image preprocessing; (2) calculating numerical data extracted from the LANDSAT band imagery using vegetation indices; (3) analyzing correlation coefficients between VI; (4) prediction using RF and CART; (5) comparing performances between RF and CART using ANN, SVM, k-nn, and MARS; (6) testing the accuracy of prediction using Mean Square Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE); (7) interpolating with IDW. Correlation coefficient of VI data shows a positive correlation, the lowest r (0.07) and the highest r (0.98). The experiments show that the RF and CART algorithms have efficiency and effectivity in determining the aridity areas better than the ANN, SVM, k-nn, and MARS algorithm. RF has a difference between the predicted results and 1.04% survey data MAPE and the smallest value close to zero is 0.05 MSE. CART has a difference between the predicted results and 1.05% survey data MAPE and the smallest value approaching to zero which is 0.05 MSE. The prediction results of VI show that in 2020 most of the study areas were low vegetation areas with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) < 0.21, had an indication of drought with the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) < 31.10, had a Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) in some areas between 35%–50% (moderate drought) and < 35% (high drought). The Burn Area Index (dBAI) values are between −3, 971 and −2,376 that show the areas have a low fire risk, and index values are between −0, 208 and −0,412 that show the areas are starting vegetation growth. The result of this study shows that the machine learning algorithms is an accurate and stable algorithm in predicting the risks of drought and land fire based on the VI data extracted from the LANDSAT 8 OLL imagery. The VI data contain the record of vegetation condition and its environment, including humidity, temperatures, and the environmental vegetation health.

中文翻译:

卫星图像和机器学习用于识别印度尼西亚中爪哇省的干旱风险

这项研究旨在开发一个软件框架,该软件框架使用来自LANDSAT 8 OLI图像的植被指数(VI)预测干旱。使用机器学习(ml)预测VI数据:随机森林(RF)以及相关树和回归树(CART)。使用人工神经网络(ANN),支持向量机(SVM),k最近邻(k-nn)和多元自适应回归样条(MARS)对预测进行比较。预测结果使用反距离权重(IDW)进行插值。这项研究分阶段进行:(1)图像预处理;(2)利用植被指数计算从LANDSAT波段影像中提取的数值数据;(3)分析VI之间的相关系数;(4)使用RF和CART进行预测;(5)使用ANN,SVM,k-nn和MARS比较RF和CART之间的性能;(6)使用均方误差(MSE)和均值绝对百分比误差(MAPE)检验预测的准确性;(7)使用IDW进行插值。VI数据的相关系数显示出正相关,最低r(0.07)和最高r(0.98)。实验表明,与ANN,SVM,k-nn和MARS算法相比,RF和CART算法在确定干旱区域方面具有更高的效率和有效性。RF在预测结果和1.04%的调查数据MAPE之间存在差异,接近零的最小值为0.05 MSE。CART在预测结果和1.05%的调查数据MAPE之间存在差异,最小值接近于零,即0.05 MSE。VI的预测结果表明,到2020年,大多数研究区域为植被覆盖度较低的植被区,归一化植被指数(NDVI)<0.21,有干旱迹象,植被健康指数(VHI)<31.10,某些地区的植被状况指数(VCI)在35%–50%(中度干旱)至<35%(高干旱)之间。燃烧面积指数(dBAI)值介于-3、971和-2,376之间,表明该区域具有较低的火灾危险性;指数值介于-0、208和-0412之间,表明该区域正在开始植被生长。研究结果表明,基于从LANDSAT 8 OLL图像中提取的VI数据,机器学习算法是一种准确,稳定的预测干旱和土地火灾风险的算法。VI数据包含植被状况及其环境的记录,包括湿度,温度和环境植被健康状况。在某些地区的植被状况指数(VCI)在35%–50%(中度干旱)至<35%(高干旱)之间。燃烧面积指数(dBAI)值介于-3、971和-2,376之间,表明该区域具有较低的火灾危险性;指数值介于-0、208和-0412之间,表明该区域正在开始植被生长。研究结果表明,基于从LANDSAT 8 OLL图像中提取的VI数据,机器学习算法是一种准确,稳定的预测干旱和土地火灾风险的算法。VI数据包含植被状况及其环境的记录,包括湿度,温度和环境植被健康状况。在某些地区的植被状况指数(VCI)在35%–50%(中度干旱)至<35%(高干旱)之间。燃烧面积指数(dBAI)值介于-3、971和-2,376之间,表明该区域具有较低的火灾危险性;指数值介于-0、208和-0412之间,表明该区域正在开始植被生长。研究结果表明,基于从LANDSAT 8 OLL图像中提取的VI数据,机器学习算法是一种准确,稳定的预测干旱和土地火灾风险的算法。VI数据包含植被状况及其环境的记录,包括湿度,温度和环境植被健康状况。显示该区域的火灾危险性较低的376,并且索引值介于-0、208和-0412之间,表明该区域正在开始植被生长。研究结果表明,基于从LANDSAT 8 OLL图像中提取的VI数据,机器学习算法是一种准确,稳定的预测干旱和土地火灾风险的算法。VI数据包含植被状况及其环境的记录,包括湿度,温度和环境植被健康状况。显示该区域的火灾危险性较低的376,并且索引值介于-0、208和-0412之间,表明该区域正在开始植被生长。研究结果表明,基于从LANDSAT 8 OLL图像中提取的VI数据,机器学习算法是一种准确,稳定的预测干旱和土地火灾风险的算法。VI数据包含植被状况及其环境的记录,包括湿度,温度和环境植被健康状况。研究结果表明,基于从LANDSAT 8 OLL图像中提取的VI数据,机器学习算法是一种准确,稳定的预测干旱和土地火灾风险的算法。VI数据包含植被状况及其环境的记录,包括湿度,温度和环境植被健康状况。研究结果表明,基于从LANDSAT 8 OLL图像中提取的VI数据,机器学习算法是一种准确,稳定的预测干旱和土地火灾风险的算法。VI数据包含植被状况及其环境的记录,包括湿度,温度和环境植被健康状况。
更新日期:2021-05-18
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