The COVID-19 pandemic is a crisis unprecedented in its size and scope. Yet studies of resilience suggest most individuals will successfully negotiate this challenge and some may even experience growth and positive change. Some evidence suggests that the capacity to enact positive change in the face of adversity may be shaped by early life experiences. In a subset of 374 participants (57% female, mean age = 29 years) in the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD), a longitudinal, birth cohort, prospective models were tested to determine whether early life adversities in family and neighborhood contexts predict positive change events in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Childhood family and neighborhood contexts were assessed using a combination of self-report questionnaires and US Census data. Adulthood positive change events (e.g., becoming more appreciative of things usually taken for granted) were assessed using the Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory (EPII). In regression analyses, neighborhood disadvantage in childhood, measured both by objective and subjective assessments, predicted a higher number of positive change events in response to the COVID-19 pandemic (β = .18, p = .004 and β = .15, p = .006, respectively). Examination of the positive change event subscales showed neighborhood disadvantage in childhood predicted increases in events related to ‘perspective taking and charitable giving’ (β = .20, p = .022 and β = .17, p = .002, respectively) and improved ‘social relationships’ (β = .18, p = .004 and β = .13, p = .020, respectively), but not to positive ‘health behaviors’ (ps > .05). All associations were independent of sociodemographic factors and childhood family dysfunction. Findings suggest that neighborhood disadvantage in childhood may shape prosocial responses to stress in adulthood, potentially through early life adaptions to stress that are protective when facing adversity. There are several notable implications of the study findings. Although adversity in early life has clear negative impacts, it is possible that adversity experiences may also provide opportunities to develop adaptive strategies that foster resilience and growth when facing stress. Intervention efforts should consider leveraging such stress-adapted strengths to reduce the many negative impacts of early life adversity.

中文翻译：

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冠状病毒病大流行期间积极变化的早期生命预测因子

COVID-19 大流行是一场规模和范围前所未有的危机。然而，对复原力的研究表明，大多数人将成功应对这一挑战，有些人甚至可能会经历成长和积极的变化。一些证据表明，在逆境中做出积极改变的能力可能受到早期生活经历的影响。在幼儿保育和青年发展研究 (SECCYD) 的 374 名参与者（57% 女性，平均年龄 = 29 岁）中，对纵向出生队列前瞻性模型进行了测试，以确定早期生活中的逆境是否在家庭和青少年邻里环境预测响应 COVID-19 大流行的积极变化事件。使用自我报告问卷和美国人口普查数据对童年家庭和邻里环境进行评估。成年期积极变化事件（例如 ，变得更加欣赏通常认为理所当然的事情）使用流行病-大流行影响清单（EPII）进行评估。在回归分析中，通过客观和主观评估衡量，童年时期的邻里劣势预测了更多的积极变化事件以应对 COVID-19 大流行（β = .18，p = .004 和 β = .15，p = .006，分别）。对积极变化事件分量表的检查显示，儿童时期的邻里劣势预测与“观点采纳和慈善捐赠”相关的事件增加（分别为 β = .20，p = .022 和 β = .17，p = .002）并有所改善“社会关系”（分别为 β = .18，p = .004 和 β = .13，p = .020），但与积极的“健康行为”无关（ps > .05）。所有关联均独立于社会人口因素和儿童家庭功能障碍。研究结果表明，童年时期的邻里劣势可能会影响成年期对压力的亲社会反应，这可能是通过早期生活适应面临逆境时具有保护作用的压力来实现的。研究结果有几个值得注意的含义。尽管早期生活中的逆境具有明显的负面影响，但逆境经历也可能为制定适应性策略提供机会，从而在面临压力时促进复原力和成长。干预工作应考虑利用这种适应压力的优势来减少早期生活逆境的许多负面影响。可能通过早期的生活适应压力，在面对逆境时具有保护作用。研究结果有几个值得注意的含义。尽管早期生活中的逆境具有明显的负面影响，但逆境经历也可能为制定适应性策略提供机会，从而在面临压力时促进复原力和成长。干预工作应考虑利用这种适应压力的优势来减少早期生活逆境的许多负面影响。可能通过早期的生活适应压力，在面对逆境时具有保护作用。研究结果有几个值得注意的含义。尽管早期生活中的逆境具有明显的负面影响，但逆境经历也可能为制定适应性策略提供机会，从而在面临压力时促进复原力和成长。干预工作应考虑利用这种适应压力的优势来减少早期生活逆境的许多负面影响。逆境经历也可能为制定适应性战略提供机会，以在面临压力时促进复原力和成长。干预工作应考虑利用这种适应压力的优势来减少早期生活逆境的许多负面影响。逆境经历也可能为制定适应性战略提供机会，以在面临压力时促进复原力和成长。干预工作应考虑利用这种适应压力的优势来减少早期生活逆境的许多负面影响。