Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the important oil crops worldwide. Revealing the molecular basis of seed oil synthesis and analyzing key candidate genes may have important implications for enhancing peanut production. In this study, we investigated the dynamic changes in the oil accumulation rate and gene expression levels in developing peanut seeds. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among three varieties at 25–35 days after flowering (DAF) were involved in fatty acid synthesis, carbon metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism. Between 25 and 35 DAF, the up-regulated DEGs in the high-oil varieties, but not in the low-oil variety, were related to acetyl-CoA synthesis. We examined the differences in the varieties at the same stages. We analyzed the lipid metabolism-related genes by protein–protein interaction (PPI), and finally identified 57 DEGs that may influence the peanut oil content. These candidate genes included three genes encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), one gene encoding ketoacyl-ACP synthase III (KASIII), one gene encoding hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydrase (HAD), and one gene encoding enoyl-ACP reductase (EAR), which form the Type II fatty acid synthase complex. Additionally, we also found that 11 transcription factors may affect oil content. These identified candidate genes may help to further clarify the molecular basis of the oil accumulation in peanut seeds.

花生（花生）L.）是全球重要的油料作物之一。揭示种子油合成的分子基础并分析关键候选基因可能对提高花生产量具有重要意义。在这项研究中，我们调查了花生种子发育过程中油积累速率和基因表达水平的动态变化。京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）途径富集分析显示，开花（DAF）后25-35天，三个变种中的上调差异表达基因（DEG）与脂肪酸合成，碳代谢和丙酮酸有关。代谢。在DAF的25到35之间，高油品种而不是低油品种中DEG的上调与乙酰辅酶A的合成有关。我们研究了同一阶段的品种差异。我们通过蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）分析了与脂质代谢相关的基因，并最终确定了57种可能影响花生油含量的DEG。这些候选基因包括3个编码乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACCase）的基因，1个编码酮酰基ACP合酶III（KASIII）的基因，1个编码羟酰基ACP脱水酶（HAD）的基因和1个编码烯酰基ACP还原酶（EAR）的基因，形成II型脂肪酸合酶复合物。此外，我们还发现11个转录因子可能会影响含油量。这些鉴定出的候选基因可能有助于进一步阐明花生种子中油脂积累的分子基础。这些候选基因包括3个编码乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACCase）的基因，1个编码酮酰基ACP合酶III（KASIII）的基因，1个编码羟酰基ACP脱水酶（HAD）的基因和1个编码烯酰基ACP还原酶（EAR）的基因，形成II型脂肪酸合酶复合物。此外，我们还发现11个转录因子可能会影响含油量。这些鉴定出的候选基因可能有助于进一步阐明花生种子中油脂积累的分子基础。这些候选基因包括3个编码乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACCase）的基因，1个编码酮酰基ACP合酶III（KASIII）的基因，1个编码羟酰基ACP脱水酶（HAD）的基因和1个编码烯酰基ACP还原酶（EAR）的基因，形成II型脂肪酸合酶复合物。此外，我们还发现11个转录因子可能会影响含油量。这些鉴定出的候选基因可能有助于进一步阐明花生种子中油脂积累的分子基础。